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. 2019 Jan 5;11(1):4. doi: 10.1038/s41368-018-0034-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Status of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling and effects of GDC-0449 on wild-type (WT) and mutant human epithelial progenitor cells (hESC-Es) in vitro. a Real-time PCR demonstrating the mRNA levels of components of the SHH signalling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, SMO and SHH) in WT (PTCH1^+/+) and mutant (PTCH1^R135X/+) hESC-Es. Data represent mean ± SD, n = 3 (&, mutant hESC-Es vs WT hESC-Es, p < 0.05). b Western blotting showed the protein levels of SHH pathway target genes (PTCH1 and GLI1) in WT and mutant hESC-Es. Expression of PTCH1 was reduced by half, and expression of GLI1 was significantly upregulated in mutant hESC-Es compared with WT hESC-Es (Data represent mean ± SD, n = 3, *P < 0.05). c The relative mRNA expression of GLI1 with exogenous SHH (1 μg•mL^-1) and/or GDC-0449 (1 μmol•L^-1) treatment for 24 h (&, #, *, P < 0.05; ns, P > 0.05). d GDC-0449 (1 μmol•L^-1) was tested for its effects on the cell proliferation of WT and mutant hESC-Es. WT and mutant DMSO vehicle groups served as respective controls (&, mutant control group vs WT control group; *, mutant GDC-0449-treated group vs mutant DMSO control group; &, *, P < 0.05)