Table 2.
Descriptive mean scoresa of helpfulness of the mHealth TDF domains.
| Domain | Total (N=183), mean (SD) | Child (N=8), mean (SD) | Self (N=19), mean (SD) | None (N=156), mean (SD) | ||
| Capability |
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Knowledge |
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Knowledge | 3.55 (1.22) | 3.96 (0.96) | 4.33 (0.93) | 3.43 (1.22) |
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Procedural knowledge | 3.82 (1.16) | 3.92 (1.02) | 4.39 (1.02) | 3.75 (1.17) |
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Knowledge of task environment | 3.65 (1.19) | 4.17 (0.87) | 4.26 (1.03) | 3.54 (1.19) |
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Skill |
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Skill development | 3.90 (1.12) | 4.21 (0.88) | 4.47 (0.78) | 3.81 (1.14) |
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Practice | 3.91 (1.10) | 4.17 (0.96) | 4.33 (0.85) | 3.84 (1.12) |
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Skills | 3.85 (1.10) | 4.25 (0.90) | 4.37 (0.84) | 3.76 (1.11) |
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Memory, attention, and decision processes |
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Decision making | 3.73 (1.17) | 3.96 (1.30) | 4.21 (1.10) | 3.66 (1.16) |
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Behavioral regulation |
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Self-monitor | 3.94 (1.15) | 3.96 (0.86) | 4.25 (0.99) | 3.90 (1.18) |
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Action planning | 3.83 (1.16) | 4.04 (0.91) | 4.25 (0.85) | 3.77 (1.19) |
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Break habit | 3.61 (1.25) | 4.16 (0.69) | 4.04 (1.04) | 3.55 (1.26) |
| Motivation |
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Beliefs about consequences |
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Outcome expectancies | 3.72 (1.15) | 4.04 (1.00) | 4.28 (0.98) | 3.63 (1.16) |
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Consequences | 3.66 (1.21) | 4.00 (1.14) | 4.09 (1.11) | 3.59 (1.22) |
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Goals |
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Goal setting | 3.87 (1.05) | 3.92 (0.88) | 4.39 (.077) | 3.81 (1.07) |
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Distal and proximal goals | 3.79 (1.14) | 4.13 (0.80) | 3.98 (1.10) | 3.75 (1.15) |
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Intentions |
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Transtheoretical | 3.73 (1.17) | 4.21 (0.83) | 4.21 (1.10) | 3.65 (1.18) |
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Optimism |
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Optimism | 3.88 (1.13) | 4.21 (1.06) | 4.33 (0.89) | 3.81 (1.15) |
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Identity | 3.19 (1.28) | 3.33 (1.47) | 3.84 (1.10) | 3.11 (1.28) |
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Reinforcement |
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Rewards | 3.98 (1.14) | 3.79 (1.14) | 4.09 (1.11) | 3.98 (1.15) |
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Reinforcement | 3.89 (1.13) | 4.17 (0.76) | 4.23 (0.98) | 3.84 (1.16) |
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Incentives | 3.90 (1.17) | 4.04 (1.12) | 3.93 (1.21) | 3.89 (1.16) |
| Opportunity |
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Environmental context |
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Resources | 3.60 (1.23) | 3.83 (1.17) | 4.12 (1.12) | 3.52 (1.23) |
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Barriers and facilitators | 3.38 (1.24) | 4.00 (0.66) | 3.93 (1.12) | 3.28 (1.25) |
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Social influences |
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Social comparisons | 3.47 (1.32) | 3.71 (1.16) | 3.84 (1.36) | 3.41 (1.32) |
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Social support | 3.54 (1.24) | 3.71 (0.96) | 3.84 (1.31) | 3.49 (1.25) |
aScores were based on a five-point Likert scale (higher scores indicating more helpfulness). Columns are broken down based on participant experience. Self: indicates the parent downloaded a health app; child: indicates that the health app is on the child’s phone; none: indicates that the parent believes that neither they nor the child have downloaded a health app.