Table 1.
Demographic data and results of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers
| Control group (n = 66) | MCI-Stable group (n = 74) | MCI-AD group (n = 70) | ADD group (n = 168) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.5 (51–68) | 65 (59–73) | 71 (68–76) | 68.5 (62–75) | < 0.001 |
| Female gender (%) | 59 | 66 | 63 | 67 | 0.73 |
| APOE ε4 carriers (%) | NA | 28 | 60 | 46 | < 0.001 |
| MMSE | NA | 28 (25–29) | 25 (23–28) | 18 (14–21) | 0.049 |
| Maximum follow-up (years) | NA | 16.0 | 10.0 | NA | NA |
| Aβ1–42 (pg/ml) | 852.9 (637.7–1041.1) | 780.0 (572.2–949.0) | 459.6 (352.3–603.8) | 388.6 (308.2–532.7) | < 0.001 |
| Aβ1–40 (pg/ml) | 8833 (6537–11,471) | 10,659 (7672–13,443) | 10,379 (8088–12,265) | 8410 (6803–11,489) | 0.53 |
| Aβ42/40 | 0.100 (0.074–0.127) | 0.079 (0.044–0.108) | 0.046 (0.035–0.059) | 0.046 (0.034–0.065) | < 0.001 |
| Tau (pg/ml) | 178.3 (141.7–221.6) | 215.5 (139.6–335.5) | 448.0 (302.9–638.8) | 459.7 (289.3–702.8) | < 0.001 |
| pTau181 (pg/ml) | 29.6 (22.5–37.0) | 33.9 (24.0–46.7) | 59.0 (38.3–75.0) | 55.2 (39.1–79.8) | < 0.001 |
Continuous variables presented as median (interquartile range); proportions presented as percentage in a given group
Aβ amyloid beta, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADD Alzheimer’s disease dementia, APOE apolipoprotein E, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, NA not applicable
aContrasting MCI-Stable and MCI-AD groups. Continuous variables tested with two-tailed t test; proportions tested with Kruskal–Wallis test