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. 2019 Jan 5;20:8. doi: 10.1186/s12891-018-2391-1

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Study design. The right knee joint had an intra-articular injection of MIA at day 0. The left knee had PBS as a control. The pain avoidance behavior tests (Incapacitance test and von Frey Hair test) were performed as indicated. Histological evaluations (hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson Trichrome (MT)) and immunohistochemical assessments (anti-ED1 immuno-staining) were performed at days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7. Steel’s test was employed to analyze the results of incapacitance test and von Frey Hair test. Asterisks (Fig. 2) indicated that the values were significantly altered with those of pre-experimental levels (0 day). Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Steel-Dwass test was performed to analyze the results of histological evaluations between 5 independent time points (Figs. 3, 4, and 5). Asterisks indicated that the values were significantly altered from those of pre-experimental levels (0 day)