Table 3.
Changes in sublingual microcirculation and NIRS-derived parameters from baseline to end-surgery in the two groups of patients receiving balanced anaesthesia or total intravenous anaesthesia
| Balanced anaesthesia | TIVA | p for interaction (2-way ANOVA) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | end-surgery | baseline | end-surgery | ||
| MFI (small vessels) [AU] | 2.67 [2.50–2.75] | 2.83 [2.37–2.98] | 2.75 [2.58–2.90] | 2.67 [2.42–2.81] | – |
| Abnormal MFIa (n, %) | 9, 45% | 6, 30% | 7, 35% | 9, 45% | – |
| FHI [AU] | 0.15 [0.00–0.29] | 0.18 [0.02–0.36] | 0.23 [0.09–0.28] | 0.19 [0.10–0.38] | – |
| TVD (small) (mm/mm2) | 18.4 ± 3.8 | 21.0 ± 4.7* | 19.8 ± 4.0 | 20.7 ± 4.5 | 0.216 |
| TVD (medium) (mm/mm2) | 1.5 [0.9–2.2] | 1.2 [1.1–1.5] | 0.8 [0.6–1.1]## | 0.5 [0.1–0.8]### | – |
| PVD (small) (mm/mm2) | 16.6 ± 4.2 | 19.1 ± 5.4* | 18.1 ± 4.2 | 19.2 ± 4.9 | 0.302 |
| PVD (medium) (mm/mm2) | 1.5 [0.9–2.2] | 1.2 [1.1–1.5] | 0.8 [0.6–1.1]## | 0.5 [0.1–0.8]### | – |
| PPV (small, %) | 91 [83–97] | 91 [82–97] | 96 [83–98] | 95 [90–97] | – |
| StO2 (%) | 83 ± 5 | 86 ± 7 | 82 ± 6 | 85 ± 9 | 0.975 |
| StO2 Downslope 1 (%/min) | −8.0 [−10.8, −6.8] | −7.8 [− 10.4, − 6.9] | − 8.8 [− 12.0, − 7.8] | −8.1 [− 11.1, − 5.9]** | – |
| StO2 Downslope 2 (%/min) | −8.2 ± 3.3 | − 8.0 ± 4.8 | −8.2 ± 2.8 | − 8.0 ± 3.4 | 0.962 |
| Delta Downslope (2–1) (%/min) | 1.1 [− 0.5, 2.4] | −0.1 [− 1.6, 1.8] | 0.9 [− 0.8, 3.9] | −0.7 [− 1.4, 1.0] | – |
| StO2 Upslope (%/min) | 226 ± 64 | 206 ± 103 | 264 ± 84 | 247 ± 77 | 0.900 |
| AUC StO2 (%*min) | 14.8 ± 8.1 | 25.6 ± 14.8* | 20.4 ± 6.0 | 26.1 ± 19.1 | 0.359 |
| THI [AU] | 15.2 ± 2.0 | 15.3 ± 3.1 | 14.6 ± 3.3 | 12.8 ± 3.6# | 0.140 |
*p < 0.05 **p < 0.01 versus baseline, #p < 0.05 ##p < 0.01 ###p < 0.001 versus time-matched balanced anesthesia. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Sidack’s multiple comparisons test or Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median [1st-3rd quartile], as appropriate
aAn abnormal MFI was defined as an MFI lower than 2.6 [25]
NIRS near infrared spectroscopy, TIVA total intravenous anaesthesia, MFI microvascular flow index, AU arbitrary unit, FHI flow heterogeneity index, TVD total vessel density, PVD perfused vessel density, PPV percentage of perfused vessels, StO2 tissue oxygen saturation, AUC StO2 area under the curve of StO2, THI tissue haemoglobin index