Fig. 3.

Lipase activity (a), total protein concentration (b) and DCW (c) of X33–P_FLD1–tdl, X33–P_AOX1–tdl and X33–P_DAS1–tdl in 5-l bioreactor. The lipase activity was detected by pH-stat method (pH 9.5 and 60 °C) using olive oil as substrate. Total protein concentration was detected by Bradford method. DCW was obtained by centrifuging 10 ml samples in a pre-weighted 20 ml centrifuge tube and discarding supernatant, and then allowing the pellet to constant weight at 100 °C. Measurements are the average value ± standard error from independently duplicate fermentations