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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Biol. 2018 Jul 5;444(Suppl 1):S98–S109. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.004

Table 1:

Vagal neural crest contribution to various organ tissue types and their somite-level of origin.

Organ
contribution
Tissue types Species Neural crest axial level References
Thymus Mesenchyme of lobes, pericytes, smooth muscle Chick, mouse, frog post-otic, somite 1-5 Lievre & Le Douarin (1975); Bockman & Kirby (1984); Kuratani & Bockman (1990); Kuratani & Bockman (1991); Foster et al. (2008); Muller et al. (2008); Lee et al.(2013)
Thyroid,
parathyroid
Mesenchyme,
pericytes
Chick post-otic, somite 1-5 Lievre & Le Douarin (1975); Bockman & Kirby (1984); Maeda et al. (2016)
Cardiac Aorticopulmonary system, smooth muscle of aortic arches, ganglia Chick,
mouse
post-otic, somite 1-3 (chick); somite 1-4 (mouse) Chan et al. (2004); Espinosa-Medina et al. (2017); Jiang et al., 2000; Kuo and Erickson (2011);
Kirby and Stewart, 1983; Kirby et al. 1993.,
; Kuratani and Kirby, 1991;
Nishibatake et al. 1987
; Phillips et al., 1987
Cardiac Aortic arch arteries, Frog hyoid/branchial Lee & Saint-Jeannet (2011)
aortic sac streams, somite 1-4
Cardiac Cardiomyocytes Zebrafish post-otic, somite 1-6 Cavanaugh et al. (2015); Sato and Yost (2003)
Lung Ganglia Human, mouse, chick somite 1-7 Burns & Delanlande ; (2005); Burns et al. (2008); Freem et al. (2010); Freem et al. (2012)
Pancreas Ganglia Chick, mouse, rat somite 1-7 Fontaine et al (1977); Kirchgessner et al. (1992); Nekrep et al. (2008); Plank et al. (2011)