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Simplified scheme of prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). (A) SPIONs/Au/NPs with the surface modified with citric acid; (B) SPIONs/Au/CS/NPs modified with chitosan (CS); (C) SPIONs modified with CS and sarcosine oxidase (SOX)—SPIONs/Au/CS/SOX/NPs. The nanoparticles (NPs) thus prepared were characterized in detail by physicochemical methods. See main text and Section 4 for experimental details.
