Focal brain ischemia |
Rat |
Pre-treatment |
Reduction of reperfusion injury by preventing neutrophil adhesion to the brain microcirculation |
[108] |
Incomplete brain ischemia |
Rat |
Pre-treatment |
Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and neuro-protection by inhibiting apoptosis |
[116] |
Forebrain ischemia |
Rat |
Pre-treatment and post-ischemia |
Reduction of apoptosis |
[111] |
Focal brain ischemia |
Rat |
Post-ischemia |
Reduction in volume of infarct and brain edema |
[117] |
Focal embolic ischemia |
Rat |
Post-ischemia |
Reduction in volume of infarct and improvement of sensory motor activity |
[109] |
Focal brain ischemia |
Mouse |
Post-ischemia |
Reduced volume of infarct, brain edema, and blood–brain barrier permeability |
[118,119] |
Focal brain ischemia |
Rat |
Post-ischemia |
Stimulation of neurogenesis and smaller neurobehavioral deficits |
[110] |
Forebrain ischemia |
Gerbil |
Post-ischemia |
Reduction of neuronal death, glial activation, apoptotic indices and mitigation of changes in locomotor activity |
[114] |
Focal brain ischemia |
Rat |
Post-ischemia |
Reduction of hemorrhagic transformation, brain edema and improvement of neurological function |
[113] |
Focal brain ischemia |
Mouse |
Post-ischemia curcumin-loaded mouse embryonic stem cell exosomes |
Reduction of neurological score, infarct volume, edema, inflammation and astrogliosis and restoration of neurovascular system |
[112] |
Focal brain ischemia |
Rat |
Post-ischemia |
Reduced neurological score, infarct area, apoptosis, caspase-3 mRNA expression and autophagy activity |
[120,121] |