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. 2018 Nov 27;23(12):3098. doi: 10.3390/molecules23123098

Figure 14.

Figure 14

General biosynthetic pathway for vitamin E in plants [146]. Abbreviations: T3, tocotrienol; Toc, tocopherol; FOH, farnesol; GGOH, geranylgeraniol; FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate; GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; PPP, phytyl pyrophosphate; HGA, homogentisic acid; MGGBQ, 2-methyl-6-geranylgeranylbenzoquinol; DMGGBQ, 2,3-dimethyl-6-geranylgeranylbenzoquinol; MPBQ, 2-methyl-6-phytylbenzoquinol; DMPBQ, 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytylbenzoquinol. The enzymes HGGT, GGR, VTE2-1,2, T3/Toc methyltransferase (VTE3 and VTE4), T3/Toc cyclase (VTE1), pheophytinase, and phytol kinase (VTE5) are believed to be involved in vitamin E biosynthesis.