Table 5.
Diterpenoids and their biological activities.
| Name | Rice Part Used for Isolation | Biological Activity and Function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phytohormone gibberellins | |||
| Gibberellin A1 (145) | Whole plant | Growth-promoting activity | [70] |
| Gibberellin A4 (146) | Whole plant | Growth-promoting activity | [70] |
| Gibberellin A19 (147) | Whole plant | Growth-promoting activity | [70] |
| Pimaradiene-type diterpenoids | |||
| Momilactone A (148) | Coleoptiles | Antifungal activity | [71] |
| Bran | Growth inhibitory activity on rice roots | [90] | |
| Bran | Inhibitory activities on seed germination and growth of barnyard grass | [93] | |
| Root exudates | Allelopathy effect | [91] | |
| Momilactone B (149) | Coleoptiles | Antifungal activity | [71] |
| Seedlings | Growth inhibitory activity on rice roots | [90,92] | |
| Seedlings | Allelopathic effects | [40] | |
| Bran | Inhibitory activities on seed germination and growth of barnyard grass | [93] | |
| Root exudates | Allelopathy effect | [91] | |
| Momilactone C (150) | Bran | Weak growth inhibitory activity | [94] |
| Momilactone D (151) | Roots | - | [95] |
| Momilactone E (152) | Roots | - | [95] |
| 9β-Pimara-7,15-diene-3β,6β,19-triol (153) | Leaves | Weak antifungal activity | [72] |
| ent-Sandaracopimaradiene-type diterpenoids | |||
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-2,3-dihydroxy- kaurane (154) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [85] |
| ent-2,3,15-Trihydroxy- kaurane (155) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [85] |
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-kauran-3-one (156) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [85] |
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-kauran-2,3-dione = Oryzadione (157) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [86] |
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-3β-hydroxy-kauran-2-one (158) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [86] |
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-3-oxa-kauran-2-one (159) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [86] |
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-3β-myristoyloxy-kauran-2-one (160) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [86] |
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-3α-palmitoyloxy-kauran-2-one (161) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [86] |
| ent-15,16-Epoxy-3β-palmitoyloxy-kauran-2-one (162) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [86] |
| Oryzalexin A (163) | Leaves | Inhibitory activity on spore germination and germ tube growth of Ochrobactrum oryzae | [73,76] |
| Roots | - | [95] | |
| Oryzalexin B (164) | Leaves | Inhibitory activity on spore germination and germ tube growth of O. oryzae | [75,76] |
| Oryzalexin C (165) | Leaves | Inhibitory activity on spore germination and germ tube growth of O. oryzae | [75,76] |
| Oryzalexin D(166) | Leaves | Inhibitory activity on spore germination of Magnaporthe Oryzae | [77] |
| Oryzalexin E (167) | Leaves | Inhibitory activity on spore germination of M. Oryzae | [78] |
| Oyzalexin F (168) | Leaves | Antimicrobial activity | [79] |
| Oryzalic acid A (169) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [88] |
| Oryzalic acid B = ent-15-Hydroxy-2,3-secokauren- 2,3-dioic acid (170) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [85] |
| Oryzalide A = ent-15,16-Epoxy-1α-hydroxy-2-oxa-kauran-3-one (171) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [87,88] |
| Oryzalide B (172) | Leaves of a bacterial leaf blight-resistant cultivar | Antibacterial activity | [88] |
| Sandaracopimaradien-3-one (173) | Roots | - | [95] |
| Stemarene-type diterpenoids | |||
| Oryzalexin S (174) | Leaves | Antifungal activity | [96,97] |
| Stemar-13-en-2α-ol (175) | Leaves | Weak antifungal activity | [72] |
| ent-Cassadiene-type diterpenoids | |||
| Phytocassane A (176) | Leaves infected with M. oryzae; stems infected with Rhizoctonia Solani | Antifungal activity | [80] |
| Phytocassane B (177) | Leaves infected with M. oryzae; stems infected with R. Solani | Antifungal activity | [80] |
| Phytocassane C (178) | Leaves infected with M. oryzae; stems infected with R. Solani | Antifungal activity | [80] |
| Phytocassane D (179) | Leaves infected with M. oryzae; stems infected with R. Solani | Antifungal activity | [80] |
| Phytocassane E (180) | Cultured rice cells | Inhibition activity on spore germination and germ tube growth of M. oryzae | [81] |
| Phytocassane F (181) | Leaves | Antifungal activity | [72] |
| Casbene-type diterpenoids | |||
| 5-Deoxo-ent-10-oxodepressin (182) | Leaves | Antifungal activity | [83] |
| 5-Dihydro-ent-10-oxodepressin (183) | Leaves | Antifungal activity | [83] |
| ent-10-Oxodepressin (184) | Leaves | Antifungal activity | [84] |