Table 3.

Diagnostic and therapeutic implications of F. prausnitzii on various gut-associated disorders.

Gut-Associated Diseases	Findings	Implications	References
Diagnostic implications of F. prausnitzii
Inflammatory bowel diseases	↑ F. prausnitzii counts in feces	F. prausnitzii assay might play a potentially useful adjunct role in non-invasive screening and diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases	[181]
Inflammatory bowel diseases associated with skin disorders	↓ F. prausnitzii and ↑ E. coli	F. prausnitzii assay aids to identify IBD-associated skin disorders	[182,183]
Crohn’s disease	↑ F. prausnitzii counts with acidic stool	F. prausnitzii assay gives a promising diagnostic biomarker for early Crohn’s disease	[184]
Crohn’s disease	↑ bilirubin concentrations along with F. prausnitzii counts with acidic stool	F. prausnitzii analysis contributes a promising diagnostic biomarker for Crohn’s disease	[185]
Colorectal cancer	↓ F. prausnitzii counts in feces	F. prausnitzii assay holds great promising as a diagnostic biomarker for early colon cancer detection and monitoring and has considerable potential for developing an anticancer therapy	[186]
Ulcerative colitis	↓ F. prausnitzii counts in feces	F. prausnitzii analysis contributes a promising diagnostic biomarker for Ulcerative colitis	[186]
Irritable bowel syndrome	↓ F. prausnitzii counts in feces	F. prausnitzii phylotypes quantified as a putative biomarker and depicting the significance of the loss of these subtypes in Irritable bowel syndrome pathogenesis.	[187]
Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer	↓ F. prausnitzii phylogroup I was found in subjects with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and colorectal cancer, whereas phylogroup II was specifically reduced in with Crohn’s disease.	Quantification of F. prausnitzii phylogroups and E. coli may help to identify gut disorders and to classify inflammatory bowel disease location.	[188]
Therapeutic implications of F. prausnitzii in gut-associated diseases
Gut-associated diseases	Treatment with F. prausnitzii as probiotics can inhibit gut-associated diseases, including malignancy	F. prausnitzii as next-generation probiotics might be useful in the treatment of various cancers with gut-associated diseases	[189]
Low-grade inflammation	Treatment with F. prausnitzii as probiotics exhibited intestinal permeability, tissue cytokines, and serotonin levels	F. prausnitzii might be beneficial effects on intestinal epithelial barrier impairment in a chronic low-grade inflammation model.	[190]
Inflammatory bowel diseases	Treatment with F. prausnitzii as probiotics showed plasma anti-Th17 cytokines (IL-10 and IL-12) and reduced IL-17 levels in both plasma and colonic mucosa, with ameliorated colonic colitis lesions	F. prausnitzii protected the colon mucosa against the development of Inflammatory bowel diseases and suggesting a promising therapy for Inflammatory bowel diseases.	[191]
Crohn’s disease	Seven peptides were identified in the F. prausnitzii culture, known as anti-inflammatory molecules. These molecules reduce the activation of the NF-kB pathway with a dose-dependent effect in the dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced-colitis model	F. prausnitzii protected the colon mucosa against the development of Inflammation and suggesting a promising treatment for Crohn’s disease	[192]
Ileal Crohn’s disease	Oral administration of F. prausnitzii as probiotics showed as anti-inflammatory properties. They reduce IL-1beta-induced NF-κB pathway in dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced-colitis model	F. prausnitzii as a probiotic is a promising strategy in Crohn’s disease	[193,194]
Ulcerative Colitis	Oral administration of F. prausnitzii reduced Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune response and increased TGFβ production.	F. prausnitzii as a probiotic is a promising strategy in Colitis	[195]
Crohn’s disease	Oral administration of F. prausnitzii as probiotics showed as anti-inflammatory properties. They induced IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells	F. prausnitzii strains could represent good candidates as next-generation probiotic.	[196]

↑ increase; ↓ decrease.