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. 2018 Oct 18;10(4):193. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040193

Table 1.

Integrations of functional nanoparticles with size changeability, ligand functionalization, modulation of tumor microenvironment, and combinational strategies for penetrated delivery for tumor treatments. MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; RGD: arginine–glycine–aspartic acid; ECM: extracellular matrix; CRGDK: Cys–Arg–Gly–Asp–Lys; PFOB: perfluorooctyl bromide.

Strategy Nanoparticles Penetrative Tactics/Targets Therapeutic Remarks Ref
Size Changeability Spiropyran nanoparticle UV light Docetaxel delivery for HT-1080 tumors [12,13]
Micelle-loaded nanocapsule Near-infrared Docetaxel delivery for RG2 tumors [14]
CO2 generating nanoparticle Ultrasound Docetaxel delivery for SCC7 tumors [15]
NO generating liposome Ultrasound Doxorubicin delivery for MCF-7/MIAPaCa-2 [16]
Magnetic nanocapsule Magnetic field Camptothecin delivery for MT2 tumors [17,18]
Gelatin nanoparticle MMP-2, MMP-9 Doxorubicin delivery for 4T1 and B16F10 [19,20]
MMP-cleavable nanoparticle MMP Paclitaxel and siRNA for 4T1 tumors [21]
DNase-degradable nanoclew pH value Doxorubicin delivery for MCF-7 cells [22]
Dendrimeric nanobomb pH value Cisplatin delivery for BxPC-3 tumors [23,25]
Hypoxia-responsive lipid oxygen concentration Gemcitabine delivery for BxPC-3 tumors [26]
Redox-sensitive lanthanide Reductive condition Peptides delivery for HCT116 tumors [27]
Ligand Functionalization Albumin nanoparticle Albumin-binding protein Paclitaxel delivery for U87 tumors [28]
IF7 nanoparticle Specific biomarker Anxa1 Paclitaxel delivery for MCF-7/ADR tumors [6,29]
SN38 delivery for HCT116 tumors
RGD polymer/ interleukin-13 αvβ3/αvβ5 integrin Oxaliplatin delivery for U87 tumos [31,32]
iRGD lipoprotein nanoparticle αv integrin & neuropilin-1 Paclitaxel/Indocyanine green delivery for A549 [33]
Tf nanoparticle Tf receptor Paclitaxel delivery for C6 tumors [34]
Lf/tLyP-1 nanoparticle Lf receptor & neuropilin-1 Paclitaxel delivery for C6 tumors [35]
Monocyte nanoparticle Chemokines Doxorubicin delivery for Tramp-C1 tumors [36]
Modulation of tumor HAase nanoparticls Hyaluronan in ECM Chlorine e6 delivery for 4T1 tumors [37,38]
Doxorubicin delivery for 4T1 tumors
PH20-modified exosomes Hyaluronan in ECM Doxorubicin delivery for PC-3 tumors [39]
Losartan nanoparticle Collagen in ECM Paclitaxel delivery for 4T1 tumors [40,41]
Bromelain nanoparticle Collagen in ECM Silica delivery for MDA-MB-231 tumors [42]
Photothermal nanoparticle Damaged ECM Photothermal DiR for 4T1 tumors [43]
Magne-thermal nanoparticle Damaged ECM Perfluorohexane/Paclitaxel delivery for RG2 [44]
Pulse-HIFU nanoparticle Loosened ECM Chitosan delivery for SCC7 tumors [45]
Combretastatin-A4 NP Vascular disruption agent Combretastatin-A4 for C26 tumors [46]
Droplet vaporization NP Damaged vascular Doxorubicin delivery for Tramp-C1 tumors [47,48]
Focused ultrasound Gd-DTPA Loosened vascular Doxorubicin delivery for blood brain barrier [49]
Radiation responsive NP Damaged vascular AF647 delivery for Panc-1 tumors [50]
Size + Ligand Functionalization ODNs nanoparticle pH value + Tumor-homing Doxorubicin delivery for A549 tumors [51]
Gelatin + RGD nanoparticle MMP-2 + αvβ3 integrin Doxorubicin delivery for 4T1 tumors [52]
GQD-loaded nanoparticle Near-infrared + pH value Doxorubicin delivery for RG2 tumors [53]
TCM-LegM nanoparticle pH value + Legumain Cabazitaxel delivery for 4T1 tumors [54]
Ligand Functiona-lization + Modula-tion of tumor Lf + Photothermal NP LfR + Damaged ECM Perfluorohexane/Docetaxel delivery for RG2 [55]
iRGD + Tirapazamine αv integrin + Hypoxia Indocyanine green/Tirapazamine for 4T1 tumors [56]
CRGDK + PFOB neuropilin-1 + Hypoxia PFOB delivery for MDA-MB-231 tumors [57]
Size + Modulation of tumor Swelling–shrinking NP pH value + Lyso bursting Doxorubicin delivery for HepG2 tumors [58]
Magnetic + Droplet vapor Magnetic field + Vascular Perfluorohexane delivery for MDA-MB-231 [59]
HSA-MnO2 nanoparticles pH value + Hypoxia Doxorubicin/Indocyanine green for 4T1 tumors [60]
Hyaluronan/NO/ICG NP HAase + Near-infrared Chlorine e6 delivery for 4T1 tumors [61]