Table 1.
Author | Sample | BMI%/BMI Z-Score | Body Composition Measurement | FM | MM%/FFM | BFP/BFM | WC/WHR | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elizondo-Montemayor 2017 [4] | n = 40 (20 boys) Mexico 6–12 y-o. UW (n = 5), NW (n = 5), OW (n = 5), OB (n = 5). | + | Fat mass = [(weight-kg) × (body fat%)]/100 Body muscle= (height-cm) [0.264 + (0.0029 × MUAMA-cm2)] FFM = (weight-kg − (weight-kg × body fat%)) PBF:Bioelectric impedance analysis (TANITA TBF 300) |
0 | MM (−) | 0 | WC (+) | N/A |
Catli 2016 [5] | n = 66 Turkey 8-15 y-o. OB (n = 20 (20 boys)), NW (n = 30 (16 boys)). | 0 | Bioelectric impedance analysis (TanitaBC-41) | 0 | N/A | + | WC (0) | SBP (0), DBP (0) |
Palacios-González 2015 [6] | n = 85 (40 boys) —Mexico 8–10 y-o. NW (n = 25), OW (n = 23), OB (n = 37). | + | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Binay 2017 [7] | n = 120 Turkey 10–18 y-o. OB (n = 90), NW (n = 30). | + | Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BC-418MA Tanita Segmental Body Composition Analyzer) | + | 0 | + | WHR (+) | SBP (+) |
Jang 2017 [8] | n = 618 (316 boys) Korea 12–15 y-o. NW (n = 370), OB (n = 248). | + | Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BC-418; Tanita) | + | + | + | WC (+) | N/A |
Shim 2018 [9] | n = 96 (56 boys) Korea 6–10 y-o. NW (n = 54), OW (n = 16), OB (n = 26). | - | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | WC (-) | SBP (+), DBP (+) |
Reinehr 2015 [10] | n = 60 Germany 10–15 y-o NW [n = 20 (10 boys)], OB (n = 40 (20 boys)). | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | DBP (+) |
Löffler 2015 [11] | n = 105 (46 boys) Germany NW (n = 20), OW/OB (n = 64) 8–21 y-o and OB (n = 58 (23 boys)) 7–17 y-o. | BMI (+) | Bioimpedance analyses (Nutriguard-MS) Fat free mass and body cell mass (NutriPlus Software) |
0 | FFM (+) adults FFM (−) children |
0 | WHR (+) | SBP (0) DBP (0) |
Singhal 2014 [12] | n = 85 women (81 Caucasian and Asian, 11 mixed- race, 5 Black) 14–21 y-o. AA (n = 38), EA (n = 24), NA (n = 23). | N/A | Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) | 0 | (+) in all athletes (+) in AA (0) in EA |
N/A | N/A | Spine BMD Z-score (+) Whole body BMD Z-score (+) Total vBMD (+) Trabecular vBMD (+) |
Soininen 2018 [13] | n = 472 (245 boys) Finland 6–8 y-o. | N/A | MM, FM, PBF, BMD = Lunar Prodigy Advance DXA device | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | BMD (+) all children, not with boys and girls separately |
Faienza 2018 [14] | n = 127 Italy 6–16 y-o. DM1 [n = 96 (41 boys)] 8–16 y-o, CO (n = 35 (21 boys)) 6–12 y-o. | (+) in patients with SCII | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | (+) with BTT-Z score, PTH, osteocalcin (−) with serum calcium, 25(OH) vitamin D, DKK-1, and sclerostin |
y-o (years old), AA (amenorrheic athletes), BFM (body fat mass), BFP (body fat percentage), BMD (bone mineral density), DBP (Dystolic blood pressure), EA (eumenorrheic athletes), FFM (fat free mass), FM (fat mass), MM (muscle mass), MUAMA (mid-upper arm muscle area) PBF (percent body fat), NA (non-athletes), N/A (not available), NW (normal weight), OB (obese), OW (overweight), SBP (Systolic blood pressure), UW (underweight), vBMD (volumetric bone mineral density), WC (waist circumference), WHR (waist–hip ratio), + (positive correlation), − (negative correlation), 0 (no correlation).