Figure 3.

Pharmaceutical Doxycycline (DOX) Decreases ROS Levels Generated by MAA-Adduct Formation. Human serum albumin (ALB, 1 mg/mL) was incubated at 37 °C with 2 mM malondialdehyde (MDA) and 1 mM acetaldehyde (AA), in the presence or absence of 1 mg/mL pharmaceutical DOX for 24, 48, and 72 h. EPR spectroscopy was performed to determine the levels of ROS. Representative EPR spectra are presented. Control samples contained only albumin and vehicle. To detect levels of ROS, all reactions were incubated with 200 µM of the EPR spectroscopy spin probe CMH for the final 30 min of reaction time. a.u. = arbitrary units.