Figure 9.

Ascorbic Acid-Free Doxycycline (ASC-free DOX) Inhibits Cellular Redox Signaling Induced by MAA-Adduct Formation. (A) HEK 293 cells containing a Nrf2/ARE-responsive element were incubated for 24 h in the presence or absence of 1 mg/mL ASC-free DOX and either ALB + vehicle, MDA + AA, or ALB + MDA + AA. Cells were lysed and luciferase activity determined. Significantly decreased in the presence of DOX (* p <0.01). Significantly increased compared to ALB + Vehicle (^# p < 0.001). (B) HEK 293 cells containing a Nrf2/ARE-responsive element were incubated for 24 h with 10 μM H₂O₂ in the presence or absence of 1 mg/mL ASC-free DOX. Significantly decreased in the presence of DOX (* p < 0.0001). Significantly increased compared to ALB + Vehicle (^# p < 0.0001). N = 4–8.