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. 2018 Dec 12;19(12):4019. doi: 10.3390/ijms19124019

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A schematic complex regulatory mechanism of salt stress tolerance in grapevine. Red arrows indicating up-regulated genes and green arrows indicating down-regulated genes. CAT, catalase; POD, peroxidase; GST, glutathione-s-transferase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; HSP70, heat shock protein 70 kDa; PR-1, Pathogenesis-related protein1; Dof, DNA-binding with one finger; ERF, ethylene responsive factor; HD-Zip, homeodomain-leucine zipper; NAC, NAC transcription factor; bHLH, basic helix-loop-helix; MYB, MYB transcription factor; Aux, auxin; Eth, ethylene; ABA, abscisic acid; GA, gibberellic acid; JA, jasmonic acid; V-ATPase, vacuolar-type ATPase; CNGCs, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels.