Table 1.

Studies reporting the roles of IL-17 cytokines in breast cancer in vitro and/or in vivo.

Type of IL-17	Type of Study	Breast Cancer Cell Lines	Effect of IL-17 Exposure	Murine Model	Mechanism	Reference
IL-17A	Clinical and preclinical	No	Anti	BALB/c Nude	Induction of differentiation and apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation of MDSC via STAT3	[103]
IL-17A	Preclinical	No	Pro	KEP, Tcrδ−/−	Production of IL-17A by γδ T cells induces neutrophils to suppress CD8+ T Cells and promotes distant metastases.	[98]
IL-17A	Clinical and preclinical	MCF7, T47D, BT20, MDA-MB468, MD-MB157, MDA-MB231	Pro	No	Activation or ERK1/2 pathway induces proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance	[86]
IL-17A	Clinical	No	Pro	No	IL-17A associated to MMP-11+ mononuclear infiltrating cells which are correlated to metastasis	[88,100]
IL-17A	Preclinical	MCF7	Pro	No	Activation of MAPK: MEKK, ERK, JNK, cJun, STAT3.Cell proliferation.	[35]
IL-17A	Preclinical	MA782, 4T1	Pro	BALB/c	Increase in tumor volume and microvascular density	[87]
IL-17A	Preclinical	4T1, PyV MT cell line	Pro	PyV MT, arthritic PyV MT	Upregulation of SDF1, IL-6, G-CSF. Promotion of bone and lung metastases	[91,92]
IL-17A	Clinical and preclinical	MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB435, MDA-MB231	Pro	No	Recruitment of macrophages, activation of MMP	[85]
IL-17A	Preclinical	4T1, MDA-MB231, EM6, MDA-MB435, Hs578t	Pro	BALB/c	TGF- β dependent tumor growth, inhibition of apoptosis	[104]
IL-17E	Clinical and preclinical	No	Pro	MMTV-PyMT	Production of IL-17E by tumor- infiltrating macrophages	[99]
IL-17E	Preclinical	MCF7, MDA-MB468, MDA-MB 435-S, MDA-MB231,SKBR3, T47D, ZR75, Hs578t, HCC1937, MDA-MB175-7	Anti	Nude	Induction of apoptosis, decrease in colony formation and tumor growth	[102]
IL-17E	Preclinical	MDA-MB-435	Anti	CD1-nude	Decrease in tumor volume. B cells mandatory	[101]
IL-17A and Il-17E	Preclinical	MDA-MB468, BT20, IJG-1731	Pro	No	Activation of STAT3, PYK-2, Src and HER-1. Nuclear translocation of pSTAT3 and pHER-1. Resistance to TKI.	[89]
IL-17A and IL-17E	Clinical and preclinical	T47D, MCF7, BT20, IJG-1731	Pro	No	Activation of cRAF and S6 kinases. Chemoresistance and generation of LMWCE	[93]
IL-17B	Clinical and preclinical	BT20, MDA-MB-468, MCF7	Pro	Nude	Resistance to paclitaxel in cell lines and xenografts via ERK pathway. Upregulation of BCL2.	[94]
IL-17B	Clinical and preclinical	MCF7, MDA-MB-157, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-468, SKBR3, SKBR3-hr	Pro	NOD/SCID/γnull	Promotion of proliferation and tumor growth through IL-17RB via NF-kB and TRAF6	[97]