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. 2018 Dec 3;19(12):3853. doi: 10.3390/ijms19123853

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Comparison of predator avoidance behavior endpoints between wild-type and C₆₀ NPs-exposed zebrafish after seven-day exposure. (A) Average speed, (B) predator approaching time percentage, (C) average distance to separator, (D) freezing time movement ratio, (E) swimming time movement ratio, and (F) rapid movement time ratio were analyzed. The swimming trajectories of control (black color in (G)) and C₆₀ NPs-exposed fish (red color in (H)) for predator avoidance test were recorded and compared. The data are expressed as the means and were analyzed by Mann–Whitney test (n = 30 for control; n = 30 for C₆₀ NPs-exposured fish; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).