Figure 2.

AKT phosphorylates several transcription factors, including NF-κB, CREB, and FOXO, implicated in the transcription of genes regulating neuronal differentiation, neuroprotection, neurogenesis, and apoptosis, such as Bdnf, Dor, BIM, and p53. PI3K stimulation can also inhibit (KDM5A, DNMT1, and EHZ2) or activate (TET) chromatin-associated proteins leading to upregulation or repression of genes implicated in neural differentiation, axonal growth, memory, and learning through altering chromatin marks in histone tails of DNA modifications.