Table 2.
Quantitative result of the identified phenolics in the different phenolic fractions (TPF, FF, and AF) of P. utilis fruits by UPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS a.
| Peak No. | Compounds | TPF (μg/g) | FF (μg/g) | AF (μg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Protocatechuic acid | 861.69 ± 23.72d | 297.66 ± 33.54c | ND * |
| 3 | Coumaric acid | 1354.42 ± 97.94d | 1459.71 ± 94.02c | ND |
| 4 | Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside b | 218.02 ± 34.34d | 4195.15 ± 116.62c | ND |
| 5 | Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnosylhexose b | 131.91 ± 20.82d | 1909.04 ± 78.39c | ND |
| 6 | Dihydroquercetin rhamnoside b | 302.07 ± 1.13c | Trace | ND |
| 7 | Catechin | 486.50 ± 9.92d | 3258.80 ± 119.01c | ND |
| 8 | Isoschaftoside | 645.95 ± 25.38c | 67.65 ± 6.65c | ND |
| 9 | Rutin | 10,177.90 ± 468.53c | 5082.50 ± 200.46d | Trace |
| 10 | Quercetin-3-O-glucoside b | 1274.17 ± 98.72d | 8685.38 ± 179.22c | Trace |
| 11 | Quercetin 3-(6-O-acetyl-beta-glucoside) b | 63.10 ± 7.07d | 189.02 ± 12.70c | ND |
| 12 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside | 7072.17 ± 27.93c | 7566.58 ± 503.86c | Trace |
| 13 | Kaempferol-3-O-hexoside b | 44.01 ± 0.05d | 459.90 ± 21.08c | ND |
| 14 | Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside | 566.02 ± 17.17d | 7443.42 ± 119.55c | Trace |
| 15 | Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside | 2806.80 ± 159.50 | Trace | 15,800.42 ± 822.41c |
| 16 | Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside b | 1003.42 ± 347.20 | Trace | 5011.44 ± 282.87c |
| 17 | Peonidin-3-O-rutinoside b | Trace | ND | 684.64 ± 65.97c |
| 18 | Peonidin-3-O-sophoroside-5-glucoside b | Trace | ND | 192.08 ± 18.51c |
| 19 | Delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside b | Trace | ND | 639.78 ± 61.64c |
| 20 | Petunidin-3-O-glucoside b | Trace | ND | 246.67 ± 23.77c |
| Total content | 27,008.15 | 40,614.81 | 22,575.03 | |
a TPF means the total phenolic fraction; FF means flavonoid fraction; AF mean anthocyanin fraction; Values were expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Means in the same row without a lowercase letter in common differ significantly (p < 0.05). The results were expressed as μg/g of dry extract; b These 11 specific phenolics were quantified by kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, quercitrin, quercitrin, quercitrin, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, respectively; * ND means not detected.