Table 1.
SP | Treatment (T) | SEM | Significance | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(days) | CON | RWE50 | RWE100 | RWE200 | TOC | T | SP | TxSP | ||
L* | 2.14 | *** | ns | * | ||||||
0 | 45.3 | 45.8 | 45.4 | 43.6 | 45.4 | |||||
3 | 45.4 wx | 41.8x | 44.1 wx | 41.9x | 48.3 w | |||||
6 | 48.3w | 45.5 w | 43.2 wx | 39.0x | 46.6 w | |||||
9 | 47.1 | 47.1 | 43.2 | 42.1 | 46.3 | |||||
a* | 1.02 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
0 | 16.6 a,w | 14.1 a,wx | 13.3 a,xy | 12.5 a,xy | 10.9 a,y | |||||
3 | 11.6 b | 10.6b | 10.4 b | 10.2 ab | 9.53 ab | |||||
6 | 6.64 c,x | 8.88bc,wx | 9.78 b,w | 9.17 ab,w | 7.32 bc,wx | |||||
9 | 6.33 c | 6.90 c | 7.65 b | 7.82 b | 5.35 c | |||||
Hue angle | 2.38 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
0 | 52.5 b | 54.9 b | 55.9 b | 57.1 a | 58.4 b | |||||
3 | 56.6 b | 60.1 ab | 57.5 ab | 56.8 a | 60.4 ab | |||||
6 | 67.1 a,w | 62.9 a,wx | 57.0 ab,x | 59.4 a,x | 66.9 a,w | |||||
9 | 71.0 a,w | 66.1 a,wx | 63.0 a,x | 60.9 a,x | 71.4 a,w | |||||
MetMb | 2.31 | *** | *** | *** | ||||||
(%) | 0 | 16.5 d | 16.8 b | 18.0 c | 19.4 c | 15.6 d | ||||
3 | 26.7 c,x | 34.1 a,w | 26.2 b,x | 25.9 b,x | 26.7 c,x | |||||
6 | 42.5 b,w | 30.5 a,x | 31.1 ab,x | 30.6 ab,x | 34.4 b,x | |||||
9 | 49.4 a,x | 36.5 ab,y | 34.8 a,y | 34.5 a,y | 59.1 a,w |
Data are expressed as the mean of three replicates in triplicate. CON: control without antioxidant; RWE50: 50 mg GAE/kg muscle; RWE100: 100 mg GAE/kg muscle; RWE200: 200 mg GAE/kg muscle; TOC: 100 mg α-tocopherol/kg muscle; RWE: red wine extract; GAE: gallic acid equivalents; SEM: standard error of the mean. Significance: ns: p > 0.05; *: p ≤ 0.05; ***: p ≤ 0.001. a,b,c,d Different superscript letters within the same column indicate significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). w,x,y Different superscript letters within the same row indicate significant difference (p ≤ 0.05).