| AKT | protein kinase B |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| Apaf-1 | apoptotic protease activating factor 1 |
| ATM-kinase | protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated |
| BALB/c | albino, laboratory-bred strain of the house mouse |
| Bax | B cell lymphoma-2 protein associated X protein |
| Bcl-2 | B cell lymphoma-2 protein |
| BTAA | breast tumor associated antigen |
| CAT | chloramphenicol acetyltransferase |
| Cdc37 | Hsp90 co-chaperone encoded by the CDC37 gene |
| Cdk2 | cyclin-dependent kinase 2 |
| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CKI p21 | cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 |
| CTLA4 | cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 |
| CuONPs | copper oxide nanoparticles |
| Cyclin D1 | cell cycle regulatory protein |
| CYP 1A1 | gene that encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily |
| DNA | dezoxiribonuicleic acid |
| EAD | epoxyazadiradione |
| EAF | ethyl acetate fraction |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinases |
| HDAC-2 | histone deacetylase 2 |
| HeLA | human cervical cancer cell line |
| HL60 | human leukemia cell line |
| HPV | human papilloma virus |
| HSF1 | heat shock factor 1 |
| HSP90 | heat shock protein 90 |
| H3K27Ac | modification to DNA packaging protein histone H3 |
| IFN-γ | interferon gamma |
| IGF | insulin-like growth factor |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| keap1 | Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| LD50 | median lethal dose |
| LSIL | low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion |
| MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 |
| MAPKs | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MCF-7 | breast cancer cell line estrogen dependent |
| MCL-1 | induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein |
| MDA MB-231 | breast cancer cell line estrogen independent |
| MEX | methanolic extract of neem oil |
| MF | methanolic fraction |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor κB |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| NOS | nitric oxide syntethase |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 |
| NTERA-2 | human embryonal carcinoma cells |
| OVCAR4 | Cellosaurus cell line |
| p53 | protein 53 |
| PARP | pharmacological inhibitors of the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PP2a | phosphatase 2a |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog gene |
| SKOV3 | ovarian cancer cell line |
| SMAD | family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| TGF-β1 | transforming growth factor |
| Th1 | T helper 1 |
| TNF α | tumor necrosis factor |
| TNBC | triple negative breast cancer cells |
| ER+ | positive for estrogen receptors |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| WHO | World Health Organization |