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Influence of cinnamaldehyde-related compounds on canonical interleukin (IL)-1β (a) and TNF-α secretion (b). The macrophages were pretreated with 100 μM cinnamaldehyde-related compounds for 30 min and then treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD and different superscript letters among 100 μM treatment groups represent statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).
