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. 2018 Nov 24;23(12):3071. doi: 10.3390/molecules23123071

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of kisspeptin-10 (100 nM–10 μM) treatment on relative gene expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), as determined by real-time RT PCR in rat hypothalamic (Hypo-E22) cell line (n = 5 individual culture flasks for each condition). Data were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method; they were normalized to β-actin mRNA levels and then expressed as relative to vehicle. Compared to control, kisspeptin-10 treatment significantly increased NPY (ANOVA, p < 0.001; post-hoc, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001 vs. control) gene expression.