Figure 2.

Galangin inhibits the thrombin-induced phosphorylation of proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (c-Src), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2). The cells were pretreated with galangin (3 μM) for 1 h and then incubated with thrombin (10 U/mL) for the indicated time intervals. The levels of (A) c-Src and (B) Pyk2 phosphorylation and their respective protein levels were determined by western blot. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05; ^# p < 0.01, as compared with the cells exposed to thrombin alone.