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. 2018 Dec 17;19(12):4084. doi: 10.3390/ijms19124084

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Galangin inhibits thrombin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The cells were pretreated with galangin (3 μM) for 1 h and then challenged with thrombin (10 U/mL) for the indicated time intervals. The levels of (A) mTOR and (B) Akt phosphorylation and their respective protein levels were determined by western blot. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05; # p < 0.01, as compared with the cells exposed to thrombin alone.