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. 2018 Dec 3;19(12):3843. doi: 10.3390/ijms19123843

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Treatment of EVs with DNase I abolished M1 polarizing effect in THP-1 cells. EVs from PDLSCs or LPS-preconditioned PDLSCs were treated with DNase I or RNase. Each EV sample was applied to THP-1 cells and the M1 polarization was analyzed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. (A) mRNA expression of IL-6 in THP-1 cells treated with each indicated EV sample. (B) TNF-α expression in the culture supernatant from THP-1 cells treated with each indicated EV sample. Data shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3, ns: Not significant, ** p < 0.01.