Table 1.
Common nail penetration enhancers described in the bibliography.
| Enhancer | Proposed Mechanism of Action | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) | Denaturation of proteins because of electrostatic interactions or micelle formation | [32] |
| Polyethylene Glycol 300 (PEG) | Increase in the hydration and swelling of the nail | [33] |
| Carbocysteine (CB) | Reduction of keratin’s disulfide bridges | [34] |
| N-acetylcysteine (AC) | Reduction of keratin’s disulfide bridges | [34,35] |
| Lactic Acid (LAC) | Formation of micropores | [19,34] |
| Potassium Phosphate (PK) | Increases hydration of the nail and the thermodynamic activity of the drug | [33] |
| Labrasol® | Enhancer of absorption for transdermal release | [36,37] |
| Labrafil® | Enhancer of absorption for transdermal release | [38] |