Table 2.
Gender-specific baseline characteristics of HF outpatients, by SUA quartiles
| All (n = 4684) | Women (n = 1251) | Men (n = 3443) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (n = 1251) | Men (n = 3433) | P-value | SUA Quartile 1–3 (n = 921) |
SUA Quartile 4 (n = 330) |
P-value | SUA Quartile 1–3 (n = 2589) |
SUA Quartile 4 (n = 844) |
P-value | |
| Se-uric acid, μmol/L | 435.2 ± 143.9 | 468.9 ± 127.1 | < 0.001 | 367.4 ± 86.1 | 624.1 ± 96.6 | < 0.001 | 413.3 ± 80.7 | 639.6 ± 84.3 | < 0.001 |
| Se-uric acid, mg/dL | 7.32 ± 2.42 | 7.88 ± 2.14 | 6.18 ± 1.45 | 10.49 ± 1.62 | 6.95 ± 1.36 | 10.75 ± 1.42 | |||
| Age, years | 72.1 ± 12.1 | 68.6 ± 12.1 | < 0.001 | 70.7 ± 12.3 | 76.2 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 | 68.1 ± 12.2 | 70.3 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.6 ± 5.6 | 26.6 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 | 25.4 ± 5.6 | 26.1 ± 5.4 | 0.054 | 26.4 ± 4.9 | 27.1 ± 5.2 | 0.001 |
| Smoking, % | 12.6 | 16.3 | 0.002 | 14.3 | 7.9 | 0.002 | 16.8 | 15.1 | 0.247 |
| Medical history | |||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 18.7 | 19.9 | 0.352 | 16.6 | 24.6 | 0.001 | 18.7 | 23.7 | 0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, % | 46.0 | 59.6 | < 0.001 | 44.2 | 50.8 | 0.045 | 59.1 | 61.1 | 0.323 |
| Hypertension, % | 37.1 | 30.2 | < 0.001 | 33.5 | 47.1 | < 0.001 | 28.4 | 35.6 | < 0.001 |
| Claudication/stroke, % | 13.6 | 15.8 | 0.071 | 13.4 | 14.1 | 0.777 | 14.9 | 18.4 | 0.016 |
| PCI/CABG, % | 26.1 | 42.5 | < 0.001 | 25.9 | 26.7 | 0.774 | 42.6 | 42.0 | 0.746 |
| Reduced renal function, % | 51.3 | 40.1 | < 0.001 | 39.7 | 83.6 | < 0.001 | 31.3 | 67.3 | < 0.001 |
| Physical findings | |||||||||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 73.5 ± 14.3 | 72.2 ± 15.2 | 0.008 | 73.1 ± 14.5 | 74.6 ± 13.7 | 0.105 | 71.9 ± 14.8 | 73.1 ± 16.1 | 0.044 |
| SBP, mmHg | 128.2 ± 23.1 | 126.0 ± 22.0 | 0.004 | 128.9 ± 23.2 | 126.3 ± 22.8 | 0.079 | 127.2 ± 21.8 | 122.3 ± 22.4 | < 0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 35.8 ± 13.3 | 31.7 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 | 35.3 ± 12.5 | 37.1 ± 15.3 | 0.092 | 32.0 ± 10.7 | 30.8 ± 10.9 | 0.007 |
| LVEF groups | < 0.001 | 0.023 | 0.031 | ||||||
| LVEF< 40% | 64.6 | 76.8 | 66.1 | 59.8 | 75.8 | 80.0 | |||
| 40%≤LVEF<50% | 19.5 | 16.0 | 19.7 | 18.9 | 17.0 | 13.1 | |||
| LVEF≥50% | 15.9 | 7.2 | 14.1 | 21.2 | 7.2 | 6.9 | |||
| NYHA Class | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
| I + II, % | 44.1 | 50.8 | 50.0 | 27.5 | 53.8 | 41.5 | |||
| III + IV, % | 55.9 | 49.2 | 50.0 | 72.5 | 46.2 | 58.4 | |||
| Medication | |||||||||
| RAS-blocking agent use, % | 87.3 | 90.0 | 0.008 | 88.7 | 83.3 | 0.012 | 90.4 | 88.7 | 0.159 |
| ACEi dose/day, % of target dose | 49.3 ± 40.0 | 53.2 ± 38.0 | 0.005 | 49.3 ± 36.9 | 49.4 ± 47.8 | 0.975 | 52.9 ± 37.7 | 54.2 ± 39.2 | 0.452 |
| ARB use, % | 17.4 | 15.2 | 0.060 | 16.8 | 19.1 | 0.353 | 14.7 | 16.7 | 0.144 |
| β-blocker dose/day, mg | 67.6 ± 62.2 | 72.6 ± 64.5 | 0.017 | 65.6 ± 60.0 | 73.1 ± 14.5 | 0.059 | 70.4 ± 63.7 | 79–4 ± 66.2 | < 0.001 |
| Loop diuretics dose/day, mg | 86.7 | 85.1 | 0.149 | 44.2 ± 45.6 | 90.4 ± 83.1 | < 0.001 | 49.2 ± 51.5 | 86.4 ± 67.9 | < 0.001 |
| Calcium channel blocker use, % | 9.2 | 7.6 | 0.080 | 8.6 | 10.9 | 0.205 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 0.727 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid use, % | 44.4 | 48.0 | 0.027 | 45.3 | 41.8 | 0.278 | 49.3 | 44.0 | 0.007 |
| Statin use, % | 46.7 | 57.4 | < 0.001 | 47.7 | 43.9 | 0.245 | 58.2 | 54.9 | 0.086 |
| Laboratory values | |||||||||
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 60.3 ± 22.7 | 66.1 ± 22.3 | < 0.001 | 66.0 ± 21.5 | 44.6 ± 18.1 | < 0.001 | 70.2 ± 21.1 | 53.4 ± 21.1 | < 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/100 mL | 13.31 ± 1.53 | 14.04 ± 1.74 | < 0.001 | 13.32 ± 1.43 | 13.21 ± 1.77 | 0.202 | 14.09 ± 1.68 | 13.90 ± 1.90 | 0.010 |
| Se-potassium, mmol/L | 4.32 ± 0.48 | 4.42 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 | 4.32 ± 0.45 | 4.32 ± 0.53 | 0.950 | 4.41 ± 0.44 | 4.45 ± 0.51 | 0.055 |
| Se-sodium, mmol/L | 139.4 ± 3.1 | 140.0 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 | 139.6 ± 3.5 | 139.1 ± 3.5 | 0.047 | 140.0 ± 3.1 | 139.9 ± 3.1 | 0.331 |
| Se-cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.08 ± 1.34 | 4.58 ± 1.22 | < 0.001 | 5.06 ± 1.33 | 5.11 ± 1.38 | 0.588 | 4.59 ± 1.20 | 4.56 ± 1.28 | 0.561 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD or percent. ACEi dose/day, percent of daily enalapril equivalent target dose; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; β-blocker dose/day, daily metoprolol equivalent dose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI/CABG, percutaneous coronary intervention and/or coronary artery bypass graft; RAS-blocking agent, renin-angiotensin system blocking agent; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SUA serum uric acid