Table 4.

The association between flexibility of abortion laws and maternal mortality ratio after adjusting for GDP per capita and time trends, 1985–2013

	Model adjusted for GDP and Time intervals (N = 3926, n = 161)			Model adjusted for GDP, FPC, and Time interval (N = 1990, n = 144)
Flexibility score as a 7 level categorical variable (Baseline = Score 0)
Score	Coefficient	95% Confidence interval	p-value	Coefficient	95% Confidence interval	p-value
Score 1	− 54	(−94, −14)	0.008	−13	(− 73, 48)	0.681
Score 2	−69	(−119, −20)	0.006	−26	(−95, 43)	0.454
Score 3	− 132	(−179, −85)	< 0.001	−50	(− 116, 16)	0.134
Score 4	−70	(−119, −21)	0.005	−11	(−75, 54)	0.748
Score 5	−119	(− 166, −73)	< 0.001	−65	(− 129, −2)	0.044
Score 6	−17	(−86, 51)	0.622	2	(−83, 87)	0.965
Score 7	−72	(− 118, −26)	< 0.001	−18	(−79, 43)	0.56
GDP	0.005	(0.004, 0.005)	< 0.001	0.004	(0.003, 0.004)	< 0.001
FPC				−1.8	(−2.1, −1.4)	< 0.001
1990–1994*	−42	(−51, −33)	< 0.001	−39	(−50, −27)	< 0.001
1995–1999	− 77	(−86, −68)	< 0.001	−72	(−84, −60)	< 0.001
2000–2004	−116	(− 126, − 107)	< 0.001	−96	(− 108, −85)	< 0.001
2005–2009	− 173	(− 184, − 163)	< 0.001	−134	(− 147, −120)	< 0.001
2010–2013	−220	(− 233, −206)	< 0.001	− 164	(− 182, −147)	< 0.001
Constant	419	(379, 459)	< 0.001	492	(429, 556)	< 0.001
Flexibility score as a binary variable (Score < 3 versus > = 3)
Flexibility Score > = 3	−45	(−64, – 26)	< 0.001	−25	(−46, − 4)	0.022
GDP	0.005	(0.004, 0.005)	< 0.001	0.004	(0.003, 0.005)	< 0.001
FPC				−2	(−2, −1)	< 0.001
1990–1994*	−42	(−51, −33)	< 0.001	−39	(−50, −27)	< 0.001
1995–1999	−77	(−86, −68)	< 0.001	−73	(−84, −61)	< 0.001
2000–2004	−116	(−126, − 107)	< 0.001	−97	(− 109, −85)	< 0.001
2005–2009	−173	(− 184, −163)	< 0.001	− 135	(− 148, − 121)	< 0.001
2010–2013	− 219	(− 232, − 205)	< 0.001	− 165	(− 182, − 148)	< 0.001
Constant	369	(356, 383)	< 0.001	485	(456, 515)	< 0.001

GDP Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (US$), FPC Female Primary Completion (Female, %)

N = total number of observations, n = number of countries, *Baseline for five-year interval=1985-1989