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. 2019 Jan 5;20:3. doi: 10.1186/s12931-018-0962-1

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Biological functions of circRNAs. CircRNAs act as miRNA sponge to decrease the expression level of miRNA via miRNA response elements and further to regulate the expression of downstream mRNA. CircRNAs could regulate the transcription of parental genes and adjust its variable splicing. CircRNAs could combine with RBPs to regulate the post-transcriptional process. CircRNAs could directly encode protein. CircRNAs-derived pseudogenes could retrotranscribed and reinserted into the host genome