Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants According to Alcohol Consumption in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (n = 85,785 Men and 104,913 Women), Hawaii and California, 1993–1996
| Characteristic | Alcohol Intake, g/day | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.1–4.9 | 5.0–14.9 | 15.0–29.9 | ≥30.0 | ||||||
| % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | |
| Men | ||||||||||
| All men | 38.4 | 21.1 | 14.5 | 10.9 | 15.1 | |||||
| Age at cohort entry, years | 61.33 (8.85) | 59.90 (8.84) | 59.17 (8.74) | 58.90 (8.82) | 59.43 (8.66) | |||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Black | 16.2 | 13.9 | 12.0 | 11.3 | 11.9 | |||||
| Native Hawaiian | 7.5 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 7.4 | |||||
| Japanese American | 34.7 | 27.9 | 25.4 | 27.7 | 24.0 | |||||
| Latino | 23.0 | 28.5 | 28.2 | 22.1 | 20.0 | |||||
| White | 18.6 | 23.7 | 27.8 | 32.5 | 36.6 | |||||
| Family history of colorectal cancer | 7.2 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 7.4 | |||||
| History of intestinal polyps | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 7.7 | |||||
| Body mass indexa | ||||||||||
| <25.0 | 36.2 | 34.0 | 34.9 | 36.8 | 38.5 | |||||
| 25.0–29.9 | 44.9 | 48.5 | 48.5 | 48.8 | 46.3 | |||||
| ≥30.0 | 18.8 | 17.5 | 16.6 | 14.4 | 15.2 | |||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Never | 33.2 | 35.0 | 30.3 | 25.5 | 17.7 | |||||
| Former | 51.6 | 49.5 | 52.1 | 55.3 | 53.2 | |||||
| Current | 15.1 | 15.5 | 17.6 | 19.2 | 29.1 | |||||
| No. of pack-years among ever-smokers | 21.24 (16.85) | 18.09 (15.67) | 18.03 (15.34) | 19.75 (15.94) | 24.85 (17.67) | |||||
| Multivitamin useb | 46.6 | 49.5 | 49.7 | 48.0 | 45.5 | |||||
| NSAID usec | 50.7 | 51.3 | 51.5 | 50.7 | 51.3 | |||||
| Physical activity, hours/dayd | 0.53 (1.01) | 0.55 (0.95) | 0.61 (0.98) | 0.65 (1.06) | 0.67 (1.13) | |||||
| Daily intake | ||||||||||
| Energy, kcale | 2,284.63 (1,088.38) | 2,263.95 (1,055.41) | 2,357.01 (1,117.41) | 2,360.48 (1,074.59) | 2,433.38 (1,109.59) | |||||
| Red meat, g/1,000 kcal | 19.51 (13.41) | 20.61 (12.92) | 20.83 (12.67) | 20.64 (12.46) | 19.47 (12.04) | |||||
| Dietary fiber, g/1,000 kcal | 11.51 (4.28) | 11.44 (3.91) | 10.91 (3.62) | 10.12 (3.43) | 8.44 (3.19) | |||||
| Calcium, mgf | 1,003.27 (629.85) | 1,022.01 (619.21) | 1,052.86 (629.87) | 1,038.31 (609.31) | 1,030.10 (588.26) | |||||
| Folate, μg DFEsf | 681.09 (547.04) | 699.15 (553.50) | 722.51 (561.50) | 707.52 (540.58) | 703.64 (522.73) | |||||
| Vitamin D, IUsf | 337.14 (340.82) | 347.16 (348.38) | 358.23 (355.82) | 348.11 (344.44) | 329.49 (339.21) | |||||
| Alcohol by typeg | ||||||||||
| Beer, g | 0 | 1.97 (1.36) | 9.29 (2.78) | 21.05 (4.18) | 70.89 (59.86) | |||||
| Wine, g | 0 | 1.34 (1.13) | 9.26 (2.11) | 21.38 (4.09) | 55.66 (33.79) | |||||
| Liquor, g | 0 | 1.81 (1.22) | 8.41 (2.44) | 18.82 (3.03) | 69.68 (58.30) | |||||
| Women | ||||||||||
| All women | 62.1 | 22.1 | 7.5 | 4.3 | 3.9 | |||||
| Age at cohort entry, years | 60.55 (8.79) | 58.40 (8.70) | 57.99 (8.77) | 58.14 (8.85) | 59.36 (8.84) | |||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Black | 20.1 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 16.7 | 18.5 | |||||
| Native Hawaiian | 7.6 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 7.0 | |||||
| Japanese American | 34.1 | 19.7 | 12.5 | 10.9 | 7.2 | |||||
| Latino | 22.5 | 23.6 | 18.5 | 11.7 | 9.3 | |||||
| White | 15.7 | 29.7 | 42.2 | 53.7 | 58.0 | |||||
| Family history of colorectal cancer | 8.6 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 8.7 | |||||
| History of intestinal polyps | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.0 | |||||
| Body mass indexa | ||||||||||
| <25.0 | 43.2 | 46.9 | 53.4 | 59.1 | 57.8 | |||||
| 25.0–29.9 | 32.1 | 33.2 | 30.7 | 27.3 | 28.9 | |||||
| ≥30.0 | 24.7 | 19.9 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 13.3 | |||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||
| Never | 62.5 | 52.1 | 40.3 | 33.6 | 22.7 | |||||
| Former | 26.1 | 33.3 | 39.4 | 41.8 | 41.5 | |||||
| Current | 11.4 | 14.7 | 20.3 | 24.6 | 35.7 | |||||
| No. of pack-years among ever-smokers | 15.16 (14.28) | 13.73 (13.49) | 14.86 (13.79) | 17.44 (14.88) | 22.41 (16.81) | |||||
| Multivitamin useb | 52.3 | 57.2 | 57.6 | 55.7 | 54.8 | |||||
| NSAID usec | 52.1 | 56.1 | 57.0 | 57.3 | 59.9 | |||||
| Physical activity, hours/dayd | 0.18 (0.52) | 0.24 (0.55) | 0.30 (0.64) | 0.30 (0.63) | 0.28 (0.65) | |||||
| MHT use | ||||||||||
| Never | 55.3 | 51.2 | 50.1 | 48.5 | 47.6 | |||||
| Past | 18.3 | 17.4 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 20.5 | |||||
| Current | 26.4 | 31.4 | 32.6 | 34.5 | 31.9 | |||||
| Daily intake | ||||||||||
| Energy, kcale | 1,947.31 (966.54) | 1,973.10 (952.48) | 1,974.85 (964.26) | 1,882.32 (899.91) | 1,882.14 (932.10) | |||||
| Red meat, g/1,000 kcal | 16.96 (12.25) | 17.50 (12.01) | 17.32 (12.19) | 17.01 (11.86) | 16.57 (11.41) | |||||
| Dietary fiber, g/1,000 kcal | 12.86 (4.39) | 12.70 (4.05) | 12.20 (3.81) | 11.34 (3.55) | 9.54 (3.43) | |||||
| Calcium, mgf | 1,086.32 (734.64) | 1,151.99 (741.90) | 1,177.95 (756.93) | 1,165.40 (754.76) | 1,116.02 (711.84) | |||||
| Folate, μg DFEsf | 662.29 (525.93) | 708.99 (546.09) | 721.40 (546.59) | 704.70 (532.62) | 690.20 (532.57) | |||||
| Vitamin D, IUsf | 329.60 (337.72) | 363.19 (358.54) | 374.39 (367.05) | 372.22 (367.81) | 358.32 (361.24) | |||||
| Alcohol by typeg | ||||||||||
| Beer, g | 0 | 1.61 (1.28) | 9.24 (2.68) | 20.91 (4.06) | 71.93 (60.11) | |||||
| Wine, g | 0 | 1.24 (1.09) | 9.14 (2.06) | 20.95 (3.86) | 50.89 (29.58) | |||||
| Liquor, g | 0 | 1.63 (1.20) | 8.48 (2.54) | 18.33 (3.00) | 58.61 (45.67) | |||||
Abbreviations; DFE, dietary folate equivalent; IU, International Unit; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation.
a Weight (kg)/height(m)2.
b At least once a week during the previous year.
c At least 2 times per week for 1 month or longer.
d Hours spent in vigorous work or sports per day.
e Excluding energy from alcohol.
f From foods and supplements.
g Among drinkers who consumed only one type of alcohol.