Table 1.
Exposure to Social Isolation (%), by Race and Sex, in the Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort, United States, 1982–2012
| Race-Sex Subgroup | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | Black Men (n = 7,348) | White Men (n = 238,206) | Black Women (n = 13,320) | White Women (n = 321,308) |
| Social isolation componenta | ||||
| Not married | 15.2 | 5.1 | 38.7 | 19.8 |
| <7 Close friends/relatives | 27.3 | 20.5 | 24.6 | 15.4 |
| Religious service attendance less than once per month | 18.5 | 25.6 | 7.1 | 17.1 |
| Club/group participation less than once per month | 39.1 | 37.1 | 30.8 | 26.0 |
| Social isolation scorea,b | ||||
| 0 (least isolated) | 36.1 | 40.7 | 34.3 | 45.8 |
| 1 | 36.6 | 36.4 | 38.1 | 35.3 |
| 2 | 19.4 | 17.3 | 20.4 | 14.5 |
| 3 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 6.3 | 3.8 |
| 4 (most isolated) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
a All P values < 0.0001.
b Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.