Table 3.
Association of Components of a Social Isolation Score With Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort, United States, 1982–1997a
| Isolation Score Component | No. of Persons | No. of Person-Years | All-Cause Mortality | CVD Mortality | Cancer Mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Cases | HR | 95% CI | No. of Cases | HR | 95% CI | No. of Cases | HR | 95% CI | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||||
| Married | 498,227 | 7,208,472 | 65,903 | 1 | Referent | 25,281 | 1 | Referent | 24,754 | 1 | Referent |
| Not married | 81,955 | 1,128,177 | 17,895 | 1.17 | 1.15, 1.19 | 8,084 | 1.25 | 1.22, 1.29 | 4,966 | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.08 |
| No. of close friends/relatives | |||||||||||
| ≥7 | 476,649 | 6,846,893 | 69,470 | 1 | Referent | 27,828 | 1 | Referent | 24,671 | 1 | Referent |
| <7 | 103,533 | 1,489,756 | 14,328 | 1.05 | 1.03, 1.06 | 5,537 | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.07 | 5,049 | 1.02 | 0.99, 1.05 |
| Club/group participation, no. of times per month | |||||||||||
| ≥1 | 401,430 | 5,817,289 | 52,073 | 1 | Referent | 20,384 | 1 | Referent | 19,007 | 1 | Referent |
| <1 | 178,752 | 2,519,359 | 31,725 | 1.13 | 1.12, 1.15 | 12,981 | 1.15 | 1.13, 1.18 | 10,713 | 1.08 | 1.05, 1.11 |
| Religious service attendance, no. of times per month | |||||||||||
| ≥1 | 461,986 | 6,652,783 | 64,967 | 1 | Referent | 26,277 | 1 | Referent | 22,794 | 1 | Referent |
| <1 | 118,196 | 1,683,866 | 18,831 | 1.09 | 1.07, 1.11 | 7,088 | 1.05 | 1.02, 1.08 | 6,926 | 1.09 | 1.06, 1.12 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio.
a The models stratified the data on age (in single years) and race, and results were adjusted for sex, smoking status, education, body mass index, history of diabetes, and all other social isolation components.