FIG 2.

IAV-induced cell death involves both apoptosis and necroptosis. Differentiated THP1 cells were either left untreated or treated for 1 h with the caspase inhibitor QVD (20 μM) and one of the following pharmacological inhibitors: Nec-1 (10 μM) for RIPK1 (A), GSK872 (5 μM) for RIPK3 (B), and NSA (1 μM) for MLKL (C). Following chemical treatment, the cells were either mock infected or infected with PR8 virus at an MOI of 5. At 18 to 20 h p.i., cell death was assessed by measuring the ATP concentration in cells using a Cell Titer-Glo luminescent viability assay.