Table 3.

Association of inhaled corticosteroid use with risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection, stratified by period of inhaled corticosteroid use before cohort entry and diagnosis at cohort entry

Any ICS use	n	Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) for NTM Infection with ICS Use
		Unadjusted OR	Medication-adjusted OR*	Fully Adjusted OR†
Within prior 120 d	2,728	3.88 (2.87–5.26)	2.86 (2.02–4.05)	2.74 (1.83–4.09)
Within past 1 yr	2,321	4.14 (2.80–6.13)	3.04 (1.97–4.68)	2.80 (1.79–4.37)
Within past 2 yr	1,829	4.49 (2.62–7.70)	2.82 (1.59–5.00)	2.51 (1.40–4.49)

Definition of abbreviations: ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; NTM = nontuberculous mycobacteria; OR = odds ratio.

^*The medication-adjusted model adjusts for prior use of airway treatment medications, oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressant medications, and proton pump inhibitors over the same period.

^†The fully adjusted model includes medications as well as age, sex, entry diagnosis, comorbid conditions (diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, interstitial lung disease, rheumatoid arthritis), and healthcare use over the same period.