Table 4.

Relationship between vapors, gas, dust, or fumes exposure in the longest job and computed tomographic measures of airway remodeling and lung parenchyma in current and former smokers stratified by sex

Current and Former Smokers (n = 2,736)	Longest Job Exposure (Adjusted for Age, Sex, Race, Current Smoking Status, Pack-Years of Smoking, BMI, Study Site)
	Men (n = 1,487)			Women (n = 1,249)
	β	95% CI	P Value	β	95% CI	P Value	P-Int
Emphysema
% emphysema	1.32	0.29 to 2.35	0.01	0.97	−0.06 to 1.99	0.07	0.93
Large airway
Pi10 (whole lung)	0.011	0.002 to 0.020	0.02	0.004	−0.004 to 0.013	0.32	0.54
Wall area %*
Segmental	0.681	0.448 to 0.914	<0.001	0.324	0.787 to 0.569	0.01	0.10
Subsegmental	0.541	0.372 to 0.710	<0.001	0.233	0.409 to 0.425	0.02	0.16
Airway lumen area*
Segmental	−0.968	−1.610 to −0.324	0.003	−0.245	−0.712 to 0.220	0.30	0.09
Subsegmental	−1.362	−2.563 to −0.161	0.03	−0.225	−0.548 to 0.098	0.17	0.16
Airway wall area*
Segmental	−0.277	−0.784 to 0.230	0.28	0.110	−0.282 to 0.502	0.58	0.15
Subsegmental	−0.449	−0.876 to −0.061	0.02	−0.059	−0.362 to 0.245	0.71	0.19
Small airway
% air trapping	3.07	0.98 to 5.17	0.004	1.66	−0.48 to 3.81	0.13	0.66
% PRM fSAD	1.71	0.14 to 3.28	0.13	0.70	−0.99 to 2.39	0.42	0.64

Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; Pi10 = estimated square-root wall area of a single hypothetical airway with internal perimeter of 10 mm; P-int = P value of the interaction term; PRM fSAD = parametric response mapping of functional small-airway abnormality.

^*Additionally adjusted for lung volume.

Boldface entries indicate a statistically significant association with P < 0.005.