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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Nov 17;123:561–565. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.037

Table 1.

Fungicides with actions similar to fludioxonil

Class of fungicide Examples Mode of action Notes
Phenylpyrrole Fludioxonil, Fenpiclonil Inhibition of respiration in mitochondria Requires HOG1 pathway
Dicarboxamide Procymidone, Vinclozolin Inhibition of respiration in mitochondria Induces ROS
Carboxamide Caboxin, Boscalid, Flutolanil Inhibition of respiration in mitochondria Elevates NO in plants
Qols (Strobilurin) Azoxystrobin, Fenamidone Inhibition of respiration in mitochondria Elevates NO in plants
Chloronitriles/Phthalonitriles Chlorothalonil Inhibition of respiration in mitochondria Depletes GSH, reaction with thiols
2,6-dinitroanilines Fluazinam Inhibition of respiration in mitochondria reaction with thiols
Cyanoimidizole Cyazofamid Inhibition of respiration in mitochondria
Polyketide Ambruticin Acts on HOG1 pathway(?)
Aromatic hydrocarbon Pentachloronitro-benzene (PCNB) Induces ROS