Table 2.
Patient characteristics at baseline in low and high income settings in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database and AHOD cohortsa
| TAHOD, low income (N) | TAHOD, high income (N) | AHOD, high income (N) | p‐valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | No. of deaths (%) | n (%) | No. of deaths (%) | n (%) | No. of deaths (%) | ||
| Total | 3240 (100) | 159 (100) | 4429 (100) | 208 (100) | 2717 (100) | 155 (100) | |
| Age (years) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 33 (28 to 38) | 34 (29 to 40) | 36 (30 to 42) | 41 (34 to 51) | 38 (31 to 46) | 42 (35 to 53) | <0.001 |
| ≤30 | 1213 (37) | 55 (35) | 1225 (28) | 35 (17) | 573 (21) | 18 (12) | <0.001 |
| 31 to 40 | 1417 (44) | 66 (42) | 1822 (41) | 67 (32) | 1000 (37) | 54 (35) | |
| 41 to 50 | 444 (14) | 23 (14) | 959 (22) | 50 (24) | 713 (26) | 35 (23) | |
| 51+ | 166 (5) | 15 (9) | 423 (10) | 56 (27) | 431 (16) | 48 (31) | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 2172 (67) | 120 (75) | 3195 (72) | 169 (81) | 2475 (91) | 147 (95) | <0.001 |
| Female | 1068 (33) | 39 (25) | 1234 (28) | 39 (19) | 242 (9) | 8 (5) | |
| HIV exposure | |||||||
| Heterosexual | 2314 (71) | 107 (67) | 2522 (57) | 139 (67) | 530 (20) | 18 (12) | <0.001 |
| MSM | 235 (7) | 9 (6) | 1425 (32) | 40 (19) | 1901 (70) | 108 (70) | |
| Injecting drug use | 503 (16) | 31 (19) | 109 (2) | 12 (6) | 152 (6) | 18 (12) | |
| Blood | 15 (1) | 1 (1) | 62 (1) | 5 (92) | 16 (1) | 2 (1) | |
| Bisexual | 79 (2) | 6 (4) | 61 (1) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Other/unknown | 94 (3) | 5 (3) | 250 (6) | 8 (4) | 118 (4) | 9 (6) | |
| CD4 cell count (cells/μL) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 124 (42 to 225) | 61 (20 to 154) | 133 (40 to 232) | 59 (19 to 164) | 304 (180 to 460) | 210 (87 to 350) | <0.001 |
| ≤100 | 1199 (37) | 80 (50) | 1575 (36) | 119 (57) | 295 (11) | 35 (23) | <0.001 |
| 101 to 200 | 691 (21) | 32 (20) | 893 (20) | 30 (14) | 324 (12) | 24 (15) | |
| 201 to 350 | 655 (20) | 12 (8) | 931 (21) | 22 (11) | 646 (24) | 32 (21) | |
| 351 to 500 | 104 (3) | 1 (1) | 201 (5) | 10 (5) | 440 (16) | 16 (10) | |
| 501+ | 75 (2) | 1 (1) | 92 (2) | 1 (1) | 430 (16) | 13 (8) | |
| Missing | 516 (16) | 33 (21) | 737 (17) | 26 (13) | 582 (21) | 35 (23) | |
| Viral load (copies/mL) | |||||||
| Median (IQR) | 130,000 (33,500 to 390,000) | 190,000 (85,138 to 480,000) | 89,571 (26,650 to 250,000) | 140,000 (47,650 to 450,000) | 64,702 (14,362 to 180,000) | 110,000 (25,228 to 460,000) | <0.001 |
| ≤400 | 28 (1) | 0 (0) | 120 (3) | 5 (2) | 190 (7) | 7 (5) | <0.001 |
| 401 to 10,000 | 77 (2) | 1 (1) | 278 (6) | 4 (2) | 258 (10) | 15 (10) | |
| 10,001 to 100,000 | 209 (6) | 5 (3) | 1158 (26) | 49 (24) | 926 (34) | 31 (20) | |
| 100,001+ | 392 (12) | 16 (10) | 1348 (30) | 74 (36) | 698 (26) | 54 (35) | |
| Missing | 2534 (78) | 137 (86) | 1525 (34) | 76 (37) | 645 (24) | 48 (31) | |
| HBV co‐infection surface antigen | |||||||
| Negative | 1984 (61) | 91 (57) | 3317 (75) | 137 (66) | 2156 (79) | 122 (79) | <0.001 |
| Positive | 231 (7) | 11 (7) | 379 (9) | 29 (14) | 95 (4) | 10 (6) | |
| Missing | 1025 (32) | 57 (36) | 733 (17) | 42 (20) | 466 (17) | 23 (15) | |
| HCV co‐infection antibody | |||||||
| Negative | 1439 (44) | 57 (36) | 3269 (74) | 136 (65) | 2184 (80) | 118 (76) | <0.001 |
| Positive | 556 (17) | 28 (180 | 307 (7) | 38 (18) | 247 (9) | 25 (16) | |
| Missing | 1245 (38) | 74 (47) | 853 (19) | 34 (16) | 286 (11) | 12 (8) | |
| Diabetes | |||||||
| No | 1121 (34) | 48 (30) | 1162 (26) | 41 (20) | 356 (13) | 6 (4) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 67 (2) | 5 (3) | 29 (1) | 1 (1) | 19 (1) | 2 (1) | |
| Missing | 2052 (63) | 106 (67) | 3238 (73) | 166 (80) | 2717 (86) | 147 (95) | |
| BMI groups | |||||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 699 (22) | 57 (36) | 499 (11) | 31 (15) | 16 (1) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Normal range (18.5 to 24.9) | 1296 (40) | 41 (26) | 1590 (36) | 74 (36) | 221 (8) | 9 (6) | |
| Overweight (≥25) | 243 (8) | 6 (4) | 316 (7) | 11 (5) | 105 (4) | 4 (3) | |
| Missing | 1002 (31) | 55 (35) | 2024 (46) | 92 (44) | 2375 (87) | 142 (92) | |
| Prior AIDS | |||||||
| No | 1902 (59) | 49 (31) | 2930 (66) | 90 (43) | 2405 (89) | 122 (79) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1338 (41) | 110 (69) | 1499 (34) | 118 (57) | 312 (11) | 33 (21) | |
| Total lost to follow‐up | 532 (2.98/100 PYS) | 729 (2.49/100 PYS) | 853 (4.45/100 PYS) | ||||
AHOD, Australian HIV Observational Database; BMI, body mass index; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men; No., number; PYS, person‐years; TAHOD, TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database.
aCohorts were grouped as AHOD (all high‐income sites), TAHOD‐high (high/upper‐middle income countries) and TAHOD‐low (lower‐middle income countries). TAHOD sites were split into high/upper‐middle income and lower‐middle income settings based on World Bank classifications. b p‐values are tests for differences in proportions (chi‐squared) or medians (Kruskal‐Wallis test) for total patients across different cohorts. Baseline was defined as the date patients started their first triple regimen.