Table 2.
Comparison between groups: DM patients without MCI vs DM patients with MCI
| Without MCI | With MCI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 120 | 87 | Not applicable |
| Age (years)a | 52.00 (45.00–61.00) | 63.00 (57.00–71.00) | <0.001 |
| Gender (male)b | 55 (45.83%) | 55 (63.22%) | 0.013 |
| Diabetes duration (years)a | 9.00 (7.00–11.00) | 11.00 (10.00–18.00) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 28.00 (25.00–32.00) | 29.00 (27.00–32.00) | 0.168 |
| AC (cm)a | 97.00 (81.00–109.00) | 90.00 (92.00–115.00) | 0.019 |
| Smokingb | 46 (38.33%) | 18 (20.68%) | 0.007 |
| Alcoholb | 23 (19.17%) | 21 (24.14%) | 0.388 |
| Fasting glycemia (mg/dL)a | 124.00 (95.00–171.00) | 135.00 (93.00–177.00) | 0.774 |
| Postprandial glycemia (mg/dL)a | 150.00 (110.00–210.00) | 180.00 (110.00–234.00) | 0.081 |
| HbA1c (%)a | 8.10 (7.00–9.30) | 8.30 (7.00–9.60) | 0.506 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)a | 126.00 (95.00–172.00) | 140.00 (109.00–242.00) | 0.070 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL)a | 181.00 (152.00–218.00) | 182.00 (153.00–215.00) | 0.986 |
| HDLc (mg/dL)a | 44.00 (37.00–56.00) | 41.00 (34.00–50.00) | 0.177 |
| LDLc (mg/dL)a | 104.20 (74.60–135.00) | 106.20 (80.20–135.60) | 0.895 |
| Non-HDLc (mg/dL)a | 135.00 (102.00–172.00) | 140.00 (112.00–170.00) | 0.536 |
| Hypertensionb | 76 (63.33%) | 75 (86.21%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetic polyneuropathyb | 57 (47.50%) | 48 (55.17%) | 0.276 |
| Diabetic arteriopathyb | 12 (10%) | 15 (17.24%) | 0.127 |
| Diabetic retinopathyb | 18 (15%) | 21 (24.14%) | 0.097 |
| Gall bladderb | 15 (12.5%) | 26 (29.88%) | 0.002 |
| Pancreatitisb | 4 (3.33%) | 4 (4.60%) | 0.641 |
| Cardiovascular diseaseb | 30 (25%) | 56 (64.37%) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney diseaseb | 33 (27.5%) | 34 (39.08%) | 0.079 |
| Strokeb | 12 (10%) | 22 (25.28%) | 0.003 |
Notes:
a
Continuous variables (with non-Gaussian distribution) are indicated by their median (IQR).
b
Categorical variables are presented by percentage (absolute frequency) in the sample.
Abbreviations: AC, abdominal circumference; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.