Table 3.
Univariate analysis of risk factors for benign esophageal lesions
| Precursor lesions
|
Reflux esophagitis
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| 41–50 vs ≤40 | 1.59 | (0.98, 2.78) | 1.24 | (0.94, 1.66) | ||
| 51–60 vs ≤40 | 2.42 | (1.48, 4.23) | 1.52 | (1.14, 2.05) | ||
| >60 vs ≤40 | 3.36 | (1.80, 6.46) | 1.56 | (1.03, 2.34) | ||
| Sex | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Female vs Male | 0.62 | (0.50, 0.79) | 0.23 | (0.19, 0.28) | ||
| Education | 0.002 | 0.489 | ||||
| High school vs College | 1.69 | (1.18, 2.49) | 0.94 | (0.77, 1.17) | ||
| Middle school vs College | 1.37 | (0.97, 2.02) | 1.03 | (0.84, 1.27) | ||
| Primary school vs College | 2.17 | (1.38, 3.47) | 0.89 | (0.65, 1.20) | ||
| Occupation | 0.319 | 0.016 | ||||
| Peasant vs Worker | 1.13 | (0.48, 2.29) | 0.71 | (0.38, 1.23) | ||
| Officer vs Worker | 0.96 | (0.71, 1.28) | 1.07 | (0.90, 1.28) | ||
| Service vs Worker | 1.21 | (0.72, 1.92) | 0.83 | (0.57, 1.18) | ||
| Retired vs Worker | 1.39 | (1.01, 1.86) | 0.83 | (0.65, 1.04) | ||
| Others vs Worker | 1.51 | (0.71, 2.87) | 0.38 | (0.16, 0.75) | ||
| Labor intensity | 0.827 | 0.017 | ||||
| Moderate vs Light | 0.97 | (0.79, 1.19) | 1.19 | (1.04, 1.36) | ||
| Heavy vs Light | 0.92 | (0.68, 1.22) | 1.21 | (1.01, 1.46) | ||
| Mining exposure | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes vs No | 1.49 | (1.23, 1.80) | 1.95 | (1.72, 2.21) | ||
| Mining exposure time (hours/week) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 1–40 vs 0 | 1.16 | (0.82, 1.61) | 1.94 | (1.58, 2.37) | ||
| 41–60 vs 0 | 1.53 | (1.23, 1.91) | 1.96 | (1.70, 2.28) | ||
| >60vs 0 | 1.68 | (1.26, 2.21) | 1.97 | (1.62, 2.40) | ||
| Dust exposure | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes vs No | 1.35 | (1.12, 1.64) | 1.83 | (1.61, 2.08) | ||
| Gas exposure | 0.003 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes vs No | 1.34 | (1.11, 1.61) | 1.70 | (1.50, 1.92) | ||
| Smoking | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||
| Occasionally vs Yes | 0.82 | (0.55, 1.17) | 0.97 | (0.78, 1.20) | ||
| Refrained vs Yes | 1.19 | (0.83, 1.66) | 0.91 | (0.72, 1.15) | ||
| Never vs Yes | 0.71 | (0.58, 0.87) | 0.41 | (0.36, 0.48) | ||
| Drinking | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Occasionally vs Yes | 0.69 | (0.55, 0.87) | 0.64 | (0.55, 0.73) | ||
| Refrained vs Yes | 0.67 | (0.53, 0.85) | 0.35 | (0.30, 0.42) | ||
| Never vs Yes | 1.38 | (0.85, 2.12) | 0.68 | (0.47, 0.96) | ||
| Smoke exposure | 0.016 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes vs No | 1.38 | (1.06, 1.84) | 1.69 | (1.41, 2.04) | ||
| Disease history | 0.816 | 0.010 | ||||
| No vs Yes | 0.98 | (0.81, 1.18) | 0.85 | (0.75, 0.96) | ||
| Hypertension | 0.502 | <0.001 | ||||
| No vs Yes | 0.93 | (0.75, 1.16) | 0.76 | (0.66, 0.87) | ||
| Diabetes | 0.056 | 0.051 | ||||
| No vs Yes | 0.43 | (0.21, 1.02) | 0.73 | (0.53, 1.02) | ||
| Tea consumption | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| No vs Yes | 1.80 | (1.33, 2.50) | 0.75 | (0.64, 0.87) | ||
| Fried food consumption | 0.103 | <0.001 | ||||
| Rarely or Never vs Yes | 0.84 | (0.68, 1.04) | 0.79 | (0.69, 0.91) | ||
| Fresh fruit consumption | 0.143 | <0.001 | ||||
| Rarely or Never vs Yes | 1.15 | (0.95, 1.39) | 1.45 | (1.28, 1.65) | ||
| Foreign residency | 0.017 | 0.483 | ||||
| No vs Yes | 0.60 | (0.41, 0.91) | 0.89 | (0.66, 1.23) | ||