Table 1.
Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, acute infarct location, and disability among those with normal versus impaired HRQOL at three months after mild ischemic stroke (n = 229)a
| Normal HRQOL (n= 145) | Impaired HRQOL (n = 84) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (SD), y | 63.0 (14.9) | 68.3 (14.8) | 0.47 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 84 (57.9%) | 42 (50.0%) | 0.25 | ||
| Black, n (%) | 39 (26.9%) | 29 (34.5%) | 0.22 | ||
| Private insurance, n (%) | 67 (46.2%) | 18 (21.4%) | <0.01 | ||
| mRS score at baseline, median (range) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.38 | ||
| Comorbid medical conditions, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 29 (20%) | 24 (28.6%) | 0.14 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | 107 (74.4%) | 55 (65.5%) | 0.18 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 10 (6.9%) | 10 (11.9%) | 0.20 | ||
| Cardiac disease | 29 (20%) | 23 (27.4%) | 0.20 | ||
| Prior stroke | 22 (14.9%) | 18 (21.4%) | 0.23 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 10 (6.9%) | 9 (10.7%) | 0.31 | ||
| Hypertension | 106 (73.1%) | 66 (78.6%) | 0.36 | ||
| Peripheral artery disease | 6 (4.1%) | 8 (9.5%) | 0.10 | ||
| Smoking within past six months | 34 (23.4%) | 10 (11.9%) | 0.03 | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Initial NIHSS score, median (range) | 1 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | <0.01 | ||
| TOAST subtype, n (%) | 0.35 | ||||
| Cardioembolic | 26 (17.6%) | 18 (21.4%) | |||
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 23 (15.5%) | 18 (21.4%) | |||
| Small artery disease | 21 (14.2%) | 16 (19.0%) | |||
| Other | 21 (14.5%) | 7 (8.3%) | |||
| Cryptogenic | 54 (37.2%) | 25 (29.8%) | |||
| Infarct characteristics, n (%) | |||||
| Median infarct volume (range), cc | 0.73 (0.01–31.6) | 0.74 (0.01–37) | 0.54 | ||
| Cerebellum | 24 (16.6%) | 16 (19.0%) | 0.63 | ||
| Thalamus | 9 (6.2%) | 7 (8.3%) | 0.54 | ||
| Cortical | 97 (66.7%) | 45 (53.6%) | 0.05 | ||
| Subcortical | 57 (39.3%) | 47 (56.0%) | 0.02 | ||
| Brainstem | 15 (10.3%) | 18 (21.4%) | 0.02 | ||
| Brainstem and/or subcortical | 66 (45.5%) | 59 (70.2%) | <0.01 | ||
| Side of infarct, n (%) | 0.28 | ||||
| Left | 52 (35.9%) | 39 (46.4%) | |||
| Right | 66 (45.5%) | 31 (36.9%) | |||
| Both | 27 (18.6%) | 14 (16.7%) | |||
| Supratentorial, n (%) | 71 (49.0%) | 48 (57.1%) | 0.23 | ||
| Left supratentorial, n (%) | 63 (43.4%) | 44 (52.4%) | 0.19 | ||
| Three-month data, n (%) | |||||
| Proxy (vs. patient) report | 7 (4.8%) | 17 (20.2%) | <0.01 | ||
| Received any rehabilitation after discharge | 35 (24.1%) | 55 (65.5%) | <0.01 | ||
| mRS score ≥2 | 1 (0.7%) | 24 (28.6%) | <0.01 | ||
a
Impaired group demonstrated T-score <45 in any QOL domain.
HRQOL: health-related quality of life; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; mRS: modified Rankin Score; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TOAST: trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment; cc: cubic centimeters.