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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: ACM Trans Access Comput. 2018 Nov;11(4):23. doi: 10.1145/3282434

Table 4.

Preliminary Assessment of Training Effects

Response
Variable		 Pretest Posttest Mixed ANOVA Statistics
M SD M SD Effect F-statistic p η2
Performance Measures (based on n=10 at pretest and n=9 at posttest)
Emotion
Recognition
Accuracy (%)		 52.29 3.78 55.29 5.76 Time
Emotion Intensitya
Time × Emotion Intensity		 F(1,51)=2.01
F(2,51)=33.38
F(2,51)=0.82		 .162
<.001***
.447		 0.02
0.55
0.01
Confidence in
Emotion
Selection (0–10
scale)		 7.93 1.16 7.86 1.82 Time
Emotion Intensityb

Time × Emotion Intensity		 F(1,51)=0.02
F(2,51)=3.30

F(2,51)=0.12		 .880
.045*

.891		 0
0.11

0
Deliberation
Time (sec)		 9.20 2.79 8.98 2.77 Time
Emotion Intensity
Time × Emotion Intensity		 F(1,51)=0.08
F(2,51)=0.57
F(2,51)=0.15		 .781
.567
.865		 0
0.02
0.01
Gaze Measures (based on n=10 at pretest and n=8 at posttest)
Fixation
Duration by
Neutral v.
Emotional face
(ms)		 375.5 60.11 373.9 54.36 Time
Emotion Condition

Time × Emotion Condition		 F(1.32)=0.01
F(1,32)=2.00

F(1,32)=0.04		 .933
.167

.835		 0
0.06

0
Number of
Fixations by
Neutral v.
Emotional face		 132 54.53 153.4 81.45 Time
Emotion Condition

Time × Emotion Condition		 F(1,32)=0.84
F(1,32)=0.11

F(1,32)=0.11		 .366
.737

.747		 0.03
0

0
Fixation
Duration by ROI
(ms)		 353.1 103.9 331.3 122.4 Time
ROI
Time × ROI		 F(1,64)=0.67
F(3,64)=1.82
F(3,64)=0.29		 .416
.153
.832		 0.01
0.08
0.01
Number of
Fixations by
ROI		 65.98 55.75 76.69 70.35 Time
ROIc
Time × ROI		 F(1,64)=0.68
F(3,64)=8.74
F(3,64)=0.44		 .413
<.001***
.727		 0.01
0.29
0.01

Time: pretest, posttest; Emotion Intensity: low, medium, extreme; Emotion Condition: neutral, expressive; ROI: eyes, nose, mouth, other face.

*

p<.05,

**

p<.01,

***

p<.001

a

Low intensity emotions were recognized with significantly less accuracy (M=41.73%, SD=6.74%) than both medium (M=57.09%, SD=9.68%) and extreme (M=62.56%, SD=7.75%) intensity emotions.

b

Self-reported confidence in emotion selection was significantly greater for extreme intensity emotions (M=8.5, SD=1.2) than for low intensity emotions (M=7.19,SD=1.87).

c

Overall, the number of fixations on the eyes (M=115.5 ms, SD=84.69 ms) was significantly greater than for the nose (M=66.78 ms, SD=44.72 ms) and mouth (M=23.06 ms, SD=44.72 ms).