Figure 4. CSCs and ALD exhibited an inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation and function. (A) mRNA expression of osteoclastic markers TRAP, CTSK, and c-Fos were analyzed by qRT-PCR. mRNA expression of osteoclastic markers was decreased in BIOD, PMTA, and ALD compared with (+) CTL (P<0.05). Different asterisks (* and **) means that they showed significantly different each other. ALD=alendronate; BIOD=Biodentine; CSCs=calcium silicate-based cements; CTSK=cathepsin K; PMTA=ProRoot MTA; TRAP=tartrateresistant acid phosphate.