Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics among DVI patients with and without AKI.
| Parameters | Total patients N = 1,484 |
Non-AKI N = 1,413 |
AKI N = 71 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age† | 28 (22–40) | 28 (22–40) | 31 (24–43) | 0.073§ |
| Age group‡ | ||||
| 18–40 years | 1,118 (75.3) | 1,067 (75.5) | 51 (71.8) | 0.081** |
| 41–60 years | 286 (19.3) | 274 (19.4) | 12 (16.9) | |
| >60 years | 80 (5.4) | 72 (5.1) | 8 (11.3) | |
| Sex‡ | ||||
| Female | 736 (49.6) | 717 (50.7) | 19 (26.8) | <<0.001** |
| Male | 748 (50.4) | 696 (49.3) | 52 (73.2) | |
| BMI† | 22.4 (19.7–25.8) | 22.2 (19.7–25.7) | 25.0 (22.3–29.5) | <0.001§ |
| Pre-morbid diseases‡ | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 78 (5.3) | 66 (4.7) | 12 (16.9) | <0.001* |
| Hypertension | 173 (11.7) | 157 (11.1) | 16 (22.5) | 0.006** |
| CKD | 8 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) | 5 (7.0) | <0.001* |
| Hepatitis B infection | 26 (1.8) | 15 (1.1) | 11 (15.5) | <0.001* |
| Hematologic disordersa | 45 (3.0) | 38 (2.7) | 7 (9.9) | 0.004* |
| Other kidney diseasesb | 7 (0.5) | 6 (0.4) | 1 (1.4) | 0.291* |
| HIV infection | 9 (0.6) | 9 (0.6) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Altered consciousness‡ | 12 (0.8) | 1 (0.1) | 11 (15.5) | <0.001* |
| Dyspnea‡ | 34 (2.3) | 20 (1.4) | 14 (19.7) | <0.001* |
| Nausea and/or vomiting‡ (N = 1,468) | 672 (45.8) | 639 (45.8) | 33 (46.5) | 0.999** |
| Low MAPc‡ | 37 (2.5) | 22 (1.6) | 15 (21.1) | <0.001* |
| High-grade fever‡ | 142 (9.6) | 125 (8.8) | 17 (23.9) | <<0.001** |
| Major bleedingd‡ | 27 (1.8) | 22 (1.6) | 5 (7.0) | 0.008* |
| WHO 1997 classification‡ | ||||
| DF | 964 (65.0) | 939 (66.5) | 25 (35.2) | <<0.001** |
| DHF | 520 (35.0) | 474 (33.5) | 46 (64.8) | |
| Grade I | 195 (13.1) | 185 (13.1) | 10 (14.1) | |
| Grade II | 308 (20.7) | 283 (20.0) | 25 (35.2) | |
| Grade III | 7 (0.5) | 6 (0.4) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Grade IV | 10 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 10 (14.1) | |
| WHO 2009 classification‡ | ||||
| Non-severe dengue | 1385 (93.3) | 1335 (94.5) | 50 (70.4) | <0.001* |
| Severe dengue | 99 (6.7) | 78 (5.5) | 21 (29.6) |
CKD: chronic kidney disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; MAP: mean arterial pressure
ahematologic disorders: G6PD deficiency, thalassemia, anemia, polycythemia vera, Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
bother kidney diseases: kidney stone, benign prostatic hyperplasia, polycystic kidney disease, IgA nephropathy
clow MAP: MAP <65 mmHg
dmajor bleeding: GI bleeding, hemothorax, hemoperitoneum, intracranial hemorrhage
†Median (IQR)
‡Frequency (%)
§Mann–Whitney U test
*Fisher’s exact test
**chi-square test