Table 2. The direct effect and covariate effects on the use of the five drugs examined.

	Group	Age	Sex	SES	Baseline	Positive Beliefs	Negative Beliefs
Alcohol Use (last year)	OR (95% CI), p-value	OR (95% CI), p-value	OR (95% CI), p-value	OR (95% CI), p-value	OR (95% CI), p-value	OR (95% CI), p-value	OR (95% CI), p-value
Listwise (n = 2471)	1.225 (1.005–1.492), 0.044	1.100 (0.963–1.255), 0.159	1.644 (1.344–2.011), <0.001	1.019 (1.008–1.031), 0.001	5.533 (4.552–6.726), <0.001	1.299 (1.187–1.421), <0.001	0.907 (0.850–0.967), 0.003
ML-MAR (n = 4870)	1.193 (1.014–1.403), 0.033	1.053 (0.953–1.164), 0.313	1.631 (1.413–1.882), <0.001	1.017 (1.007–1.027), 0.001	4.914 (4.209–5.737), <0.001	1.299 (1.191–1.417), <0.001	0.900 (0.845–0.959), 0.001
MI-ML (n = 6391)	1.170 (0.986–1.388), 0.072	1.090 (1.004–1.183), 0.040	1.633 (1.367–1.951), <0.001	1.016 (1.004–1.027), 0.006	4.877 (4.132–5.758), <0.001	1.281 (1.180–1.391), <0.001	0.894 (0.827–0.965), 0.004
Alcohol Binge Drinking (last year)
Listwise (n = 2459)	1.116 (0.906–1.375), 0.302	1.254 (1.099–1.430), 0.001	1.396 (1.120–1.739), 0.003	1.015 (1.003–1.027), 0.016	4.761 (3.531–6.420), <0.001	1.334 (1.210–1.471), <0.001	0.894 (0.840–0.952), <0.001
ML-MAR (n = 4842)	0.990 (0.831–1.179), 0.980	1.185 (1.077–1.304), 0.001	1.356 (1.146–1.605), <0.001	1.012 (1.001–1.022), 0.031	4.464 (3.565–5.588), <0.001	1.347 (1.229–1.477), <0.001	0.886 (0.835–0.939), <0.001
MI-ML (n = 6391)	0.967 (0.819–1.141), 0.690	1.166 (1.043–1.304), 0.007	1.369 (1.124–1.667), 0.002	1.013 (1.002–1.023), 0.016	4.281 (3.291–5.568), <0.001	1.392 (1.246–1.555), <0.001	0.883 (0.825–0.945), <0.001
Cigarette Use (last year)
Listwise (n = 2457)	1.165 (0.744–1.826), 0.504	1.231 (0.945–1.603), 0.123	1.462 (1.095–1.952), 0.010	1.007 (0.989–1.025), 0.473	7.616 (4.110–14.111), <0.001	1.453 (1.278–1.651), <0.001	0.785 (0.714–0.889), <0.001
ML-MAR (n = 4846)	1.071 (0.741–1.548), 0.715	1.067 (0.890–1.279), 0.483	1.487 (1.159–1.908), 0.002	1.006 (0.989–1.023), 0.505	6.578 (4.032–10.732), <0.001	1.452 (1.287–1.639), <0.001	0.789 (0.717–0.869), <0.001
MI-ML (n = 6391)	1.004 (0.686–1.468), 0.985	1.039 (0.910–1.186), 0.569	1.682 (1.241–2.280), 0.001	1.002 (0.990–1.014), 0.714	5.700 (3.758–8.646), <0.001	1.814 (1.479–2.225), <0.001	0.691 (0.642–0.745), <0.001
Inhalant Use (last year)
Listwise (n = 2463)	0.980 (0.714–1.277), 0.899	0.832 (0.692–1.000), 0.050	1.483 (1.157–1.901), 0.002	1.012 (0.994–1.030), 0.193	4.290 (3.005–6.126), <0.001	1.404 (1.236–1.594), <0.001	0.946 (0.853–1.049), 0.292
ML-MAR (n = 4849)	0.877 (0.667–1.153), 0.346	0.843 (0.722–0.985), 0.031	1.469 (1.163–1.855), 0.001	1.012 (0.998–1.026), 0.092	3.824 (2.932–4.986), <0.001	1.413 (1.250–1.597), <0.001	0.936 (0.848–1.034), 0.192
MI-ML (n = 6391)	0.835 (0.682–1.022), 0.081	0.832 (0.713–0.970), 0.019	1.551 (1.246–1.930), <0.001	1.017 (0.993–1.042), 0.155	3.846 (2.773–5.334), <0.001	1.564 (1.390–1.761), <0.001	0.902 (0.801–1.016), 0.090
Cannabis Use (last year)
Listwise (n = 2451)	1.187 (0.760–1.855), 0.451	1.308 (1.012–1.691), 0.040	1.075 (0.767–1.507), 0.673	1.004 (0.988–1.020), 0.612	5.004 (2.141–11.692), <0.001	1.772 (1.556–2.017), <0.001	0.780 (0.702–0.867), <0.001
ML-MAR (n = 4847)	1.039 (0.724–1.491), 0.835	1.161 (0.986–1.367), 0.074	1.048 (0.842–1.303), 0.676	1.004 (0.992–1.016), 0.547	6.494 (3.502–12.049), <0.001	1.775 (1.554–2.026), <0.001	0.784 (0.707–0.869), <0.001
MI-ML (n = 6391)	0.989 (0.763–1.230), 0.934	1.086 (0.922–1.279), 0.321	1.200 (0.903–1.593), 0.208	0.998 (0.982–1.013), 0.766	4.927 (2.637–9.207), <0.001	2.569 (2.268–2.910), <0.001	0.677 (0.606–0.757), <0.001

SES: socio-economic class (SES) assessed using the ABEP scale.