Table 1. Issues occurring during the translation and cross-cultural adaptation steps of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Parents (PCS-P).

Issue*	Solution
Questionnaire instructions and items: the word “child” was translated by T1 as “son” and by T2 as “child”.	It was standardized to translate as child, because the questionnaire can be answered by a child’s caregiver and not only by the parents.
Questionnaire instructions: the expression “is in pain” was suggested to be changed to “feel pain” by the expert committee.	Accepted, because it better fits colloquial Brazilian Portuguese.
The word “please”: T1 did not translate or keep the word “please”, explaining that, in Portuguese, the questions are used in imperative format.	For cultural reasons, it was decided against the use of “please”.
Answer options: T1 suggested changing the intensity responses to frequency responses.	To maintain the semantic equivalence and, in the future, if we conduct another study, we will change the response to frequency (never, ever) or agreement (partially agree, strongly agree, etc.)
Answer options: T1 suggested “no feeling, mild feeling, moderate feeling, severe feeling, extreme feeling”, whereas T2 kept the original version options “not at all, mildly, moderately, severely, extremely”.	To change to the “feeling” options. However Prof L. Goubert advised not to keep the word “feeling” because the questionnaire mainly assesses “thoughts”.
T1 removed the personal pronoun “I” in all items and T2 kept it.	To remove the personal pronoun “I” from all of the items to better comply with colloquial Portuguese
Item 5, “When my child is in pain, I cannot stand it anymore”: T1 eliminated the word anymore and T2 kept it.	To eliminate the word “anymore” order to avoid redundancy in Portuguese

*T1: Translator 1; T2: Translator 2