Table 1.

Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire

Items
Reliving
Living Again: While remembering, it is as if I am living the occurrence again. [All reliving items rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (as if it were happening now)]
Time Travel: While remembering, it is as if I am mentally traveling back to the time and place of the occurrence.
Same Feelings: While remembering, it is as if I am experiencing the same feelings, emotions, and/or atmosphere again.
Vividness
See: While remembering, I can see everything in my mind. [Both vividness items rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (as vivid as if it were happening now)]
Vivid: While remembering, the actions, objects, and/or people that are involved in the memory are as clear now as they were when the event occurred.
Belief
Real: I believe the event in my memory really occurred in the way I remember it and that I have not imagined or fabricated anything that did not occur. [Rated from 1 (100% imaginary) to 7 (100% real)]
Accuracy: My memory of the event is an accurate reflection of the event as a neutral observer would report it and is not distorted by my beliefs, motives, and expectations. [Rated from 1 (100% distorted) to 7 (100% accurate)]
Testify: Would you be confident enough in your memory of the event to testify in a court of law? [Rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (as much as any memory)]
Layout
Setting Layout: While remembering, I experience a scene in which the elements of the setting are located relative to each other in space. [Rated from 1(not at all spatially organized) to 7(a clear spatial layout)]
Event Layout: As I remember, I can describe where the actions, objects, and/or people are located in the memory. [Rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (as if it were happening now)]
Content
Setting Name: While remembering, I can identify or name the setting where the memory occurred, although I might not be able to describe it clearly. [Setting name and event contents rated from 1(not at all) to 7(definitely)]
Event Content: As I remember, I can identify the actions, objects, and/or people that are involved in the memory, though I may not be able to clearly say where they are in relation to each other.
Perspective
Where I am: While remembering, I can identify where I am in relation to the things that I am remembering. [All perspective items rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (I know exactly where I am seeing the event from)]
Field: While remembering, I see the memory from where I was during the event, that is, as if I was seeing it again from my own eyes at my original location.
Observer: While remembering, I see the memory from a different location than the one I was at in the event, that is, as if I was remembering a new view of the same event as an outside observer.
Emotion
Valence: How positive or negative is this memory? [Rated from 1 (extremely negative) to 4 (neutral) to 7 (extremely positive)]
Intense: While remembering, the emotions I feel are intense. [Rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (extremely)
Time Ago
When did this memory originally occur? [Choices: 1 (within the past day), 2 (within the past week), 3 (within the past month), 4 (within the past three months), 5 (within the past year), 6 (within the past five years), 7 (within the past ten years), 8 (more than ten years ago)]
Specific Memory
Not Merged: Is the memory of a merging of many versions of a general repetitive event, or is it a unique event that occurred only once? [Rated from 1 (definitely a general class of events) to 7 (definitely a unique event)]
Once: Did the event appear to happen once at one particular time and place, or was it a summary or merging of related events, or did it occur over a fairly continuous extended period of time lasting more than a day? [Choices: once, merging, extended period. This led to the specific memory measure of once and the non-specific memory measures of merged and extended.]
Single Event: The memory is of a general situation that happened many times in my life, rather than of a specific occurrence with its own details that let me know the memory was of a single event. [Rated from 1 (definitely a general class of events) to 7 (definitely a specific event)]

Notes. For Study 1, specific memory questions were not included. The once question was also the basis of the non-specific merged and extended measures.