Table 3:
Associations between maternal stressful life events and smoking outcomes,PRAMS 2009–2011
| Smoking during pregnancy among women who smoked before pregnancy (n=15,136) | Postpartum smoking relapse among women who quit during pregnancy (n=7,151) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UnadjustedaOR (95% CI) | Adjusteda,bOR (95% CI) | UnadjustedaOR (95% CI) | Adjusteda,cOR (95% CI) | |
| Cumulative stressful life events score (0–13) | 1.15 (1.12, 1.18) | 1.12 (1.09, 1.15) | 1.07 (1.03, 1.12) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.08) |
| Stressful life eventsd (yes vs. no) | ||||
| Husband/Partner lost job | 1.32 (1.15, 1.52) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.41) | 1.34 (1.07, 1.68) | 1.30 (1.03, 1.63) |
| Lost job despite wanting to continue working | 1.44 (1.24, 1.67) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.49) | 1.01 (0.80, 1.27) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.09) |
| Had a lot of bills couldn’t pay | 1.68 (1.49, 1.89) | 1.45 (1.28, 1.65) | 1.23 (1.02, 1.47) | 1.17 (0.97, 1.42) |
| Moved to new address | 1.32 (1.18, 1.47) | 1.24 (1.10, 1.40) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.29) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) |
| Was homeless | 2.31 (1.82, 2.93) | 2.03 (1.55, 2.66) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.72) | 0.91 (0.62, 1.35) |
| Close family member was very sick and had to go to the hospital | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.19 (0.99, 1.43) | 1.19 (0.99, 1.43) |
| Someone close to mother died | 1.28 (1.12, 1.46) | 1.24 (1.07, 1.43) | 1.44 (1.18, 1.76) | 1.36 (1.11, 1.67) |
| Mother got separated/divorced | 1.26 (1.07, 1.49) | 1.11 (0.93, 1.32) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) |
| Argued with husband/partner more than usual | 1.43 (1.28, 1.61) | 1.39 (1.23, 1.58) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) |
| Husband/partner or mother went to jail | 2.01 (1.66, 2.44) | 1.74 (1.41, 2.15) | 1.37 (0.99, 1.91) | 1.04 (0.74, 1.46) |
| Was in a physical fight | 1.69 (1.35, 2.10) | 1.70 (1.35, 2.14) | 1.43 (0.99, 2.00) | 1.22 (0.81, 1.82) |
| Husband/partner didn’t want mother to be pregnant | 1.31 (1.11, 1.55) | 1.23 (1.03, 1.47) | 1.16 (0.90, 1.50) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.28) |
| Someone close to mother had drug or alcohol problem | 1.67 (1.46, 1.90) | 1.55 (1.35, 1.79) | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) | 1.01 (0.82, 1.25) |
PRAMS= Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
a
Odds ratios and 95% CIs have been weighted to account for the PRAMS survey design and the statistical weighting of the data.
b
Adjusted for maternal age, race, ethnicity, level of education, marital status, parity, methods of payment and days since delivery.
c
Adjusted for maternal age, race, ethnicity, level of education, marital status, parity, method of payment, quality of prenatal care, reported physical abuse, days since delivery and mode of participation.
d
13-item stressful life events, a subset of Modified Life Events Inventory.